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Sprucidea
''Sprucidea'' is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus ''Malmidea'', ''Sprucidea '' is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. ''Sprucidea'' species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Sprucidea'' was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. '' S. granulosa'' and the type species, '' S. rubropenicillata'', were described as new to science, while '' S. gymnopiperis'' and '' S. penicillata'' were two proposed new combinations from the genera ''Malmidea '' and ''Bacidina'', respectively. The genus name of ''Sprucidea'' is in honour of Richard Spruce (1817–1893), who was an English botanist specializing in bryology. He was one of the great Victorian bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprucidea Rubropenicillata
''Sprucidea'' is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus ''Malmidea'', ''Sprucidea '' is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. ''Sprucidea'' species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Sprucidea'' was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. '' S. granulosa'' and the type species, '' S. rubropenicillata'', were described as new to science, while '' S. gymnopiperis'' and '' S. penicillata'' were two proposed new combinations from the genera ''Malmidea '' and ''Bacidina'', respectively. The genus name of ''Sprucidea'' is in honour of Richard Spruce (1817–1893), who was an English botanist specializing in bryology. He was one of the great Victorian bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprucidea Granulosa
''Sprucidea'' is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus ''Malmidea'', ''Sprucidea '' is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. ''Sprucidea'' species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Sprucidea'' was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. '' S. granulosa'' and the type species, '' S. rubropenicillata'', were described as new to science, while '' S. gymnopiperis'' and '' S. penicillata'' were two proposed new combinations from the genera ''Malmidea '' and ''Bacidina'', respectively. The genus name of ''Sprucidea'' is in honour of Richard Spruce (1817–1893), who was an English botanist specializing in bryology. He was one of the great Victorian bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprucidea Gymnopiperis
''Sprucidea'' is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus ''Malmidea'', ''Sprucidea '' is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. ''Sprucidea'' species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Sprucidea'' was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. '' S. granulosa'' and the type species, '' S. rubropenicillata'', were described as new to science, while '' S. gymnopiperis'' and '' S. penicillata'' were two proposed new combinations from the genera ''Malmidea '' and ''Bacidina'', respectively. The genus name of ''Sprucidea'' is in honour of Richard Spruce (1817–1893), who was an English botanist specializing in bryology. He was one of the great Victorian bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprucidea Penicillata
''Sprucidea'' is a genus of four crustose lichens in the family Malmideaceae. Similar to the related genus ''Malmidea'', ''Sprucidea '' is characterized by frequently red thalli that contain the secondary compound norsolorinic acid, but differs in the rod-shaped instead of ellipsoid ascospores and in the stalked sporodochia as conidiomata. ''Sprucidea'' species are found in rainforest areas in South America and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy ''Sprucidea'' was circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, André Aptroot, and Robert Lücking. '' S. granulosa'' and the type species, '' S. rubropenicillata'', were described as new to science, while '' S. gymnopiperis'' and '' S. penicillata'' were two proposed new combinations from the genera ''Malmidea '' and ''Bacidina'', respectively. The genus name of ''Sprucidea'' is in honour of Richard Spruce (1817–1893), who was an English botanist specializing in bryology. He was one of the great Victorian bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malmideaceae
Malmideaceae is a family of crustose and corticolous lichens in the order Lecanorales. It contains eight genera and about 70 species. Taxonomy Malmideaceae was created in 2011 to accommodate a group of species, formerly placed in genus ''Malcolmiella'' (family Pilocarpaceae), that molecular phylogenetics showed to be a distinct lineage and worthy of recognition at the family level. The genus ''Savoronala'', containing the single African species '' S. madagascariensis'', was added to the family in 2013, while another monotypic genus '' Kalbionora'' was added in 2017. Description Malmideaceae is similar to Pilocarpaceae, but can be distinguished from that family by thallus organization and ascus structure. ''Malmidea'' species have a thallus made of goniocysts–spherical aggregations of photobiont cells surrounded by short-celled hyphae. This characteristic is quite rare in the Pilocarpaceae, only found in the monotypic genera '' Calopadiopsis'' and '' Pseudocalopadia''. Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Spruce
Richard Spruce (10 September 1817 – 28 December 1893) was an English botanist specializing in bryology. One of the great Victorian botanical explorers, Spruce spent 15 years exploring the Amazon from the Andes to its mouth, and was one of the first Europeans to visit many of the places where he collected specimens. Spruce discovered and named a number of new plant species, and corresponded with some of the leading botanists of the nineteenth century. Early life and Career Richard Spruce was born near Ganthorpe, a small village near Castle Howard in Yorkshire. After training under his father, a local schoolmaster, Spruce began a career as a tutor and then as a mathematics master at St. Peter's School, York between 1839 and 1844. Spruce started his botanical collecting in Yorkshire about 1833. In 1834, at age 16, he drew up a neatly written list of all of the plants he had found on trips around Ganthorpe, focusing on bryophytes. Arranged alphabetically and containing 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malmidea
''Malmidea'' is a genus of crustose lichens and the type genus of the family Malmideaceae. It was established in 2011 to contain a phylogenetically distinct group of species formerly placed in the genus '' Malcolmiella''. ''Malmidea'' comprises more than 50 mostly tropical species that grow on bark, although a few grow on leaves. Taxonomy Both the family Malmideaceae and the genus ''Malmidea'' were created in 2011 to accommodate a group of species, formerly placed in genus '' Malcolmiella'' (family Pilocarpaceae), that molecular phylogenetics showed to be a distinct lineage and worthy of recognition at the family level. Klaus Kalb, Eimy Rivas Plata, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch originally placed 37 species in the genus – 5 new species and 32 new combinations. Many additional species have since been transferred to ''Malmidea'' from other genera, or described as new. The generic name ''Malmidea'' honours Swedish botanist Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme (1864–1937). Descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isidia
An isidium is a vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens. Isidia are outgrowths of the thallus surface, and are corticated (i.e., containing the outermost layer of the thallus), usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae (the mycobiont) and algal cells (the photobiont). They are fragile structures and may break off and be distributed by wind, animals, and splashing raindrops. In terms of structure, isidia may be described as warty, cylindrical, clavate (club-shaped), scale-like, coralloid (coral-shaped), simple, or branched. Examples of isidiate lichens include members of the genera ''Parmotrema'' and ''Peltigera''. See also Soredium Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria o ... References External linksAscomycetes glossary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacidina
''Bacidina'' is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1990, with '' Bacidina phacodes'' assigned as the type species. Vězda included 11 species in ''Bacidina'', which was originally classified in the Lecideaceae. These species had previously been placed in genus ''Bacidia''. Species *'' Bacidina adastra'' *'' Bacidina aeruginosa'' *'' Bacidina apiahica'' *'' Bacidina arnoldiana'' *'' Bacidina arvidssonii'' *'' Bacidina assulata'' *'' Bacidina brandii'' *'' Bacidina brittoniana'' *'' Bacidina californica'' *'' Bacidina caligans'' *'' Bacidina canariensis'' *'' Bacidina chloroticula'' *'' Bacidina cinnamomea'' *'' Bacidina circumpulla'' *'' Bacidina clauzadei'' *'' Bacidina contecta'' *'' Bacidina convexa'' – Panama *'' Bacidina crystallifera'' *'' Bacidina defecta'' *'' Bacidina delicata'' *'' Bacidina dichroma'' *'' Bacidina digitalis'' *'' Bacidina dissecta'' *'' Bacidina egenula'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryology
Bryology (from Greek , a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are people who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom. History Bryophytes were first studied in detail in the 18th century. The German botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius (1687–1747) was a professor at Oxford and in 1717 produced the work "Reproduction of the ferns and mosses." The beginning of bryology really belongs to the work of Johannes Hedwig, who clarified the reproductive system of mosses (1792, ''Fundamentum historiae naturalist muscorum'') and arranged a taxonomy. Research Areas of research include bryophyte taxonomy, bryophytes as bioindicators, DNA sequencing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticolous Lichen
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (a-f), Alan Silverside/ref> This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it,Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (g-o), Alan Silverside/ref> and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (p-z), Alan Silverside/ref> Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen ''Graphis plumierae'', foliose lichen ''Melanohalea subolivacea'' and the fruticose ''Bryoria fuscescens ''Bryoria fuscescens'' is a species of lichen of the family Parmeliaceae. As of July 2021, its conservation status has not been estimated by the IUCN. In Iceland, where it grows as an epiphyte on downy birch stems and branches, it is classified ...''.Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. References Lichenolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. In 1993 he did his PhD at the University of Utrecht under the supervision of Robbert Gradstein (nl). His dissertation was titled "Systematic studies on pyrenocarpous lichens and related fungi". He specializes in fungi and lichens on which he has several hundreds of publications to his name. He has worked as curator at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (now Westerdijk Institute). Aptroot is the founder of the Consultancy for Bryology and Lichenology, which is located in Soest where there is a herbarium with a collection of lichens mainly from the Netherlands and the tropics. From 2008 he has been collection manager at Pinetum Blijdenstein (nl) in Hilversum. He is a member of the International Association for Lichenology and the American Bryological and Lichenological Society. He is a visiting professor at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul in Campo Grande, Brazil. Because of Aptroot's bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
