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Sphyrna Integra
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Hammerhead
The great hammerhead (''Sphyrna mokarran'') or great hammerhead shark is the largest species of hammerhead shark, belonging to the family Sphyrnidae, attaining an average length of and reaching a maximum length of . It is found in tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide, inhabiting coastal areas and the continental shelf. The great hammerhead can be distinguished from other hammerheads by the shape of its "hammer" (called the "cephalofoil"), which is wide with an almost straight front margin, and by its tall, sickle-shaped first dorsal fin. A solitary, strong-swimming apex predator, the great hammerhead feeds on a wide variety of prey ranging from crustaceans and cephalopods, to bony fish, to smaller sharks. Observations of this species in the wild suggest that the cephalofoil functions to immobilize stingrays, a favored prey. This species has a viviparous mode of reproduction, bearing litters of up to 50 pups every two years. Although potentially dangerous, the great hammer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Griffith (zoologist)
Edward Griffith (1790–1858) was a British natural history, naturalist and solicitor. He wrote ''General and Particular Descriptions of the Vertebrated Animals'' (1821) and translated Georges Cuvier's ''Règne animal'', making considerable additions (1827–35). Life The son of William Griffith of Stanwell, Middlesex, he entered St. Paul's School, London in 1800 and left it in 1806, entering the Court of Common Pleas (England), Common Pleas office as a clerk. He afterwards became a solicitor and a master in the Court of Common Pleas. He was one of the original members of the Zoological Society of London, Zoological Society, and a fellow of the Linnean (1822), Antiquaries, and Royal Societies. Griffith died on 8 January 1858. Works In 1821 he published the first part of what was intended to be an extensive work, ‘General and Particular Descriptions of the Vertebrated Animals,’ with coloured plates. This first part dealt only with monkeys and lemurs. Incomplete, it may ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Magna
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Drinker Cope
Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840 – April 12, 1897) was an American zoologist, paleontologist, comparative anatomist, herpetologist, and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of 19. Though his father tried to raise Cope as a gentleman farmer, he eventually acquiesced to his son's scientific aspirations. Cope married his cousin and had one child; the family moved from Philadelphia to Haddonfield, New Jersey, although Cope would maintain a residence and museum in Philadelphia in his later years. Cope had little formal scientific training, and he eschewed a teaching position for field work. He made regular trips to the American West, prospecting in the 1870s and 1880s, often as a member of United States Geological Survey teams. A personal feud between Cope and paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh led to a period of intense fossil-finding competition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Laevissima
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Integra
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Gibbesii
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Arambourgi
''Sphyrna'' (from the Greek word σφῦρα, "hammer") is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of ''Sphyrna'' have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of ''Sphyrna'' are also known by synonyms such as ''Zygaena'', ''Cestracion'', and ''Sphyrichthys''. The earliest species described of this genus was ''Sphyrna zygaena'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, '' Sphyrna gilberti'', was discovered and described in 2013. Species The recognized species in this genus are:Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998)Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008. ;Extant * '' Sphyrna corona'' ( S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead) * '' Sphyrna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Valenciennes
Achille Valenciennes (9 August 1794 – 13 April 1865) was a French zoologist. Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. His study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology. He also carried out diverse systematic classifications, linking fossil and current species. He worked with Cuvier on the 22-volume "'' Histoire Naturelle des Poissons''" (Natural History of Fish) (1828–1848), carrying on alone after Cuvier died in 1832. In 1832, he succeeded Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850) as chair of ''Histoire naturelle des mollusques, des vers et des zoophytes'' at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Early in his career, he was given the task of classifying animals described by Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) during his travels in the American tropics (1799 to 1803), and a lasting friendship was established between the two men. He is the binomial authority for many species of fish, such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Tudes
The smalleye hammerhead (''Sphyrna tudes''), also called the golden hammerhead or curry shark, is a small species of hammerhead shark in the family Sphyrnidae. This species is common in the shallow coastal waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, from Venezuela to Uruguay. It favors muddy habitats with poor visibility, reflected by its relatively small eyes. Adult males and juveniles are schooling and generally found apart from the solitary adult females. Typically reaching in length, this shark has a unique, bright golden color on its head, sides, and fins, which was only scientifically documented in the 1980s. As in all hammerheads, its head is flattened and laterally expanded into a hammer-shaped structure called the cephalofoil, which in this species is wide and long with an arched front margin bearing central and lateral indentations. The yellow-orange pigments of the smalleye hammerhead seem to have been acquired from the penaeid shrimp ''Xiphopenaeus kroyeri'', the main food ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphyrna Tiburo
The bonnethead (''Sphyrna tiburo''), also called a bonnet shark or shovelhead, is a small member of the hammerhead shark genus ''Sphyrna'', and part of the family Sphyrnidae. It is an abundant species in the littoral zone of the North Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, is the only shark species known to display sexual dimorphism in the morphology of the head, and is the only shark species known to be omnivorous. Description The shark is characterized by a broad, smooth, spade-like head: it has the smallest cephalofoil (hammerhead) of all ''Sphyrna'' species. The body is grey-brown above and lighter on the underside. Typically, bonnethead sharks are about long, with a maximum size of about . The generic name ''Sphyrna'' derives from the Greek word for "hammer", referring to the shape of this shark's head; the specific name ''tiburo'' derives from the Spanish word "tiburón", meaning "shark". Sphyrna tiburo head.jpg, Head, underside Sphyrna tiburo head2.jpg, Head, upper side Sph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Rüppell
Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell (20 November 1794 – 10 December 1884) was a German Natural history, naturalist and List of explorers, explorer. Rüppell is occasionally transliterated to "Rueppell" for the English alphabet, due to german orthography. Biography Rüppell was born in Frankfurt am Main, the son of a prosperous banker, who was a partner in 'Rüppell und Harnier’s Bank'. He was originally destined to be a merchant, but after a visit to Sinai Peninsula, Sinai in 1817, where he met Henry Salt (Egyptologist), Henry Salt and the Swiss-German traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Ludwig Burckhardt. He explored Giza and the Pyramids with Salt. In 1818, he developed an interest in natural history, and became elected member of the ''Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaf''. He attended lectures at the University of Pavia and University of Genoa in botany and zoology. Rüppell set off on his first expedition in 1821, accompanied by surgeon Michael Hey as his assistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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