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Soumokil
Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil (13 October 1905 – 12 April 1966) was a South Moluccan politician and prosecutor who served as the second president of the Republic of South Maluku from 1950 until his execution in 1966 by Indonesian forces loyal to Suharto. Early life His father was Moluccan and his mother was an Indo, meaning of mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent. After high school, he studied law at the University of Leiden before returning to Indonesia in 1935 and finding work as a law official in Java. Political career Between May 1947 and February 1950, he served as Minister of Justice in four cabinets of the State of East Indonesia. In April 1950, Soumokil, Johanis Manuhutu, and Albert Wairisal signed a declaration proclaiming the independence of the South Moluccas from the United States of Indonesia and the founding of an independent Republic of South Maluku. He became its second president on 3 May, a week after its creation. Exile and executi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of The State Of East Indonesia
The Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia served as the central government apparatus of the State of East Indonesia (), headed by a prime minister who were appointed by the head of state. During the three-year lifetime of the state between 24 December 1946 and 27 December 1949, there were eight cabinets in total, headed by six different prime ministers. First Malewa cabinet (13 January 1947 - 2 June 1947) At the Denpasar Conference (18-24 December 1946) organized by Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook, the State of East Indonesia was established with Balinese noble Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati was elected head of state designated as president, and Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was appointed as prime minister-designate. Following discussions between the two men in Jakarta, the cabinet was announced and inaugurated on 13 January 1947 with the composition as follows: As the provisional legislature had achieved very little in its first session, a number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of South Maluku
South Maluku, also South Moluccas, officially the Republic of South Maluku, was an unrecognised secessionist republic that claimed the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram, which make up the Indonesian province of Maluku. Dutch conquest exerted colonial control across the archipelago in the 19th century, establishing a unitary administration. The borders of present-day Indonesia were formed through colonial expansion finalised in the 20th century. After the occupation by the Japanese Empire during World War II ended in 1945, nationalist leaders on Java unilaterally declared Indonesian independence. Early organised indigenous resistance came from the South Moluccas with support and aid from the Dutch government and military. The South Moluccan rebels initially clung on to an early post-colonial treaty prescribing a federal form of statehood. When that treaty, agreed between the Dutch government and the Indonesian government in December 1949, was broken, they unilaterally declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johanis Manuhutu
Johanis Hermanus Manuhutu (born in Haria, Saparua on 9 April 1908 - died in Haria, Saparua, 22 August 1984) was a South Moluccan civil servant in the Dutch East Indies and the first president of the Republic of South Maluku (or South Moluccas) in 1950. Biography Manuhutu completed his initial education at in and then studied at the Education School for Native Civil Servants (OSVIA) in |
Invasion Of Ambon
The Invasion of Ambon was a combined Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the self proclaimed Republic of South Maluku. Background Following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, the Netherlands recognized the independence of the Republic of United States of Indonesia (RUSI). The RUSI was a federation with a People’s Representative Council consisting of 50 representatives from the Republic of Indonesia and 100 from the various states according to their populations. Distrusting the Javanese and Muslim-dominated Republic of Indonesia, the largely Protestant and pro-Dutch South Moluccans - who had long contributed forces to the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) - declared the independence of the Republic of South Maluku in Ambon and Seram on 25 April 1950. The declaration was led by former East Indonesia justice minister Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil, while Johanis Manuhutu was made president of the new republic. The independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seram
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands. Geography and geology Seram is traversed by a central mountain range, the highest point of which, Mount Binaiya, is covered with dense rain forests. Its remarkably complex geology is because of its location at the meeting of several tectonic microplates, which have been described as "one of the most tectonically complex areas on Earth". Seram actually falls on its own microplate, which has been twisted around by 80° in the last 8 million years by the relatively faster movement of the Papua microplate. Meanwhile, along with the northward push of the Australian Plate, this has resulted in the uplift that gives north-central Seram peaks of over 3000 m. On the island, there a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thousand Islands (Indonesia)
The Thousand Islands (Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Seribu'') are a chain of islands to the north of Jakarta's coast. It forms the only regency of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It consists of a string of 342 islandsSK Gubernur KDKI No. 1986/2000 stretching north into the Java Sea at West Jakarta Bay and in fact north of Banten Province. Pramuka Island is the regency seat. A decree states that 36 islands may be used for recreation.SK Gubernur KDKI No. 1814/198 Of these, only 13 islands are fully developed: 11 islands are homes to resorts and two islands are historic parks. Twenty-three are privately owned and are not open to the public. The rest of the islands are either uninhabited or support a fishing village. History The modern history of the Thousand Islands begins with its role in the defenses of the city of Batavia for the Dutch East India Company ( nl, Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, abbreviated VOC) and the Dutch colonial empire. Before the arrival of the Dutch, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiden University Alumni
Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration with its suburbs Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten and Zoeterwoude with 206,647 inhabitants. The Statistics Netherlands, Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) further includes Katwijk in the agglomeration which makes the total population of the Leiden urban agglomeration 270,879, and in the larger Leiden urban area also Teylingen, Noordwijk, and Noordwijkerhout are included with in total 348,868 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland), Oude Rijn, at a distance of some from The Hague to its south and some from Amsterdam to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden. A University town, university city since 1575, Leiden has been one of Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moluccan People
Moluccans are the Austronesian-speaking and Papuan-speaking ethnic groups indigenous to the Maluku Islands (also called the Moluccas), Indonesia. The region was historically known as the Spice Islands, and today consists of two Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku. As such, "Moluccans" is used as a blanket term for the various ethnic and linguistic groups native to the islands. Islam and Christianity are major religions of most Moluccans. Despite religious differences, all groups share strong cultural bonds and a sense of common identity, such as through Adat. Music is also a binding factor, playing an important role in the cultural identity, and the Moluccan capital city of Ambon was awarded the official status of City of Music by UNESCO in 2019. A small population of Moluccans (~50.000+) live in the Netherlands. This group mainly consists of the descendants of soldiers from the KNIL, the Dutch Colonial Army, who were originally brought to the Netherlands temporar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moluccan Independence Activists
Moluccans are the Austronesian-speaking and Papuan-speaking ethnic groups indigenous to the Maluku Islands (also called the Moluccas), Indonesia. The region was historically known as the Spice Islands, and today consists of two Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku. As such, "Moluccans" is used as a blanket term for the various ethnic and linguistic groups native to the islands. Islam and Christianity are major religions of most Moluccans. Despite religious differences, all groups share strong cultural bonds and a sense of common identity, such as through Adat. Music is also a binding factor, playing an important role in the cultural identity, and the Moluccan capital city of Ambon was awarded the official status of City of Music by UNESCO in 2019. A small population of Moluccans (~50.000+) live in the Netherlands. This group mainly consists of the descendants of soldiers from the KNIL, the Dutch Colonial Army, who were originally brought to the Netherlands tempor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Political Prisoners
Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian women, overview of women's history and contemporary situations * Indonesian language (Indonesian: ''Bahasa Indonesia''), the official language of Indonesia ** Indonesian languages, overview of some of the 700 languages spoken in Indonesia ** Indonesian names, customs reflecting the multicultural and polyglot nature of Indonesia * Indonesian culture, a complex of indigenous customs and foreign influences ** Indonesian art, various artistic expressions and artworks in the archipelago ** Indonesian cinema, a struggling and developing industry ** Indonesian literature, literature from Indonesia and Southeast Asia with shared language roots ** Indonesian music, hundreds of forms of traditional and contemporary music ** Indonesian philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executed Presidents
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is ''condemned'' and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Crimes that are punishable by death are known as ''capital crimes'', ''capital offences'', or ''capital felonies'', and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against the person, such as murder, mass murder, aggravated cases of rape (often including child sexual abuse), terrorism, aircraft hijacking, war crimes, crimes against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1966 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is deposed by a military coup in the Republic of Upper Volta (modern-day Burkina Faso). * January 10 ** Pakistani–Indian peace negotiations end successfully with the signing of the Tashkent Declaration, a day before the sudden death of Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. ** Georgia House of Representatives, The House of Representatives of the US state of Georgia refuses to allow African-American representative Julian Bond to take his seat, because of his anti-war stance. ** A Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in Lagos, Nigeria, primarily to discuss Rhodesia. * January 12 – United States President Lyndon Johnson states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam until Communism, Communist aggression there is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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