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Sonia Guillén
Sonia Elizabeth Guillén is a Peruvian anthropologist and the President of the Centro Mallqui, who is the current Minister of Culture of Peru. She was elected a foreign associate the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2012. Early life and education Guillén studied at Callao High School and graduated in 1969. She attended the National University of San Marcos, where she studied archaeology. Guillén was a Fulbright Program scholar. She moved to the United States and studied anthropology at the University of Michigan. Guillén earned her doctorate at the University of Michigan in 1992. During her time in Michigan, Guillén attended a course in osteology delivered by Jane E. Buikstra at Northwestern University. She worked alongside Lawrence Angel, Douglas H. Ubelaker and Thomas Dale Stewart at the Smithsonian Institution. She has been a professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Research and career Guillén is one of Peru's leading experts in mummies. She is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Culture (Peru)
The Ministry of Culture of Peru is the government ministry in charge of the promotion of peruvian culture and identity. It was created on 20 July 2010, during the government of Alan García. The inaugural minister was Juan Ossio Acuña after his appointment on 4 September 2010. , the culture minister is Silvana Robles. List of Culture Ministers External links Official website Peru Peru, Culture Culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tyl ... Peruvian culture {{Culture-ministry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Dale Stewart
Thomas Dale Stewart (August 14, 1890 – February 6, 1958) was an American chemist. He was born at Sumner, Washington, and received his Ph.D. degree in chemistry from University of California at Berkeley in 1916. After one year of research at University of Chicago under Julius Stieglitz, he returned to Berkeley as an instructor in the chemistry department, and became a professor there in 1935. His early research was about the mechanism of electron conduction in metals. The collaborative work with Richard C. Tolman led to the discovery of Stewart–Tolman effect. Later he worked on acid-base equilibria of organic nitrogen compounds, as well as reaction kinetics Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is to be contrasted with chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in w .... ReferencesThomas Dale Stewart, University of California: In Mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Of Cao
The Lady of Cao is a name given to a female Moche mummy discovered at the archeological site El Brujo, which is located about 45 km north of Trujillo in the La Libertad Region of Peru. Discovery The Lady of Cao was discovered in 2006 by a team of Peruvian archaeologists led by Regulo Franco Jordan of the ''National Cultural Institute of Peru'' with the financial cooperation of the Augusto N. Wiese Foundation. The mummy, which was heavily tattooed and wrapped in many layers of cloth, was found with a number of ceremonial items, including weapons and jewelry. Also found were the remains of a second young woman, possibly a human sacrifice. A modern autopsy indicated that the Lady of Cao was in her mid twenties when she died and may have died of complications due to pregnancy or childbirth. The estimated date of death for the Lady of Cao is about 450 CE. Significance The richness of the burial site, as well as the presence of weapons, suggest that the woman might have been a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiribaya Dog
The Chiribaya Dog ( es, perro Chiribaya) or Peruvian Shepherd Dog (') is an extinct pre-Columbian breed of dog from the southwest of Peru. It has been established that it was a llama herding dog. The dogs were not only an important part of the social structure of the ancient Peruvians, but they received special treatment after death as well. The remains were 1,000 years old. The dog variety has been referred to in various Spanish-language documentaries under different terms, such as ''el perro pastor Chribaya'' ('the Chiribaya shepherd dog') and ' ('Peruvian shepherd'), though the ancient Peruvians did not keep sheep. Its original name is unknown (it has been referred to more ambiguously by the term ' or ' ('Peruvian dog', 'dog of Peru'), but this has also been applied to an extant but ancient hairless variety, referred to in more detail as ''perro sin pelo del Perú'', 'hairless dog of Peru', or the Peruvian Inca Orchid, a favorite in South American dog shows). Mummies The dog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-Columbian Era
In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the Migration to the New World, original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, the era covers the history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous cultures until significant influence by Europeans. This may have occurred decades or even centuries after Columbus for certain cultures. Many pre-Columbian civilizations were marked by permanent settlements, cities, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, major earthworks (archaeology), earthworks, and Complex society, complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first permanent European colonies (c. late 16th–early 17th centuries), and are known only through archaeology of the Americas, archaeological investigations and oral history. Other civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiribaya Dog
The Chiribaya Dog ( es, perro Chiribaya) or Peruvian Shepherd Dog (') is an extinct pre-Columbian breed of dog from the southwest of Peru. It has been established that it was a llama herding dog. The dogs were not only an important part of the social structure of the ancient Peruvians, but they received special treatment after death as well. The remains were 1,000 years old. The dog variety has been referred to in various Spanish-language documentaries under different terms, such as ''el perro pastor Chribaya'' ('the Chiribaya shepherd dog') and ' ('Peruvian shepherd'), though the ancient Peruvians did not keep sheep. Its original name is unknown (it has been referred to more ambiguously by the term ' or ' ('Peruvian dog', 'dog of Peru'), but this has also been applied to an extant but ancient hairless variety, referred to in more detail as ''perro sin pelo del Perú'', 'hairless dog of Peru', or the Peruvian Inca Orchid, a favorite in South American dog shows). Mummies The dog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khipu
''Quipu'' (also spelled ''khipu'') are recording devices fashioned from strings historically used by a number of cultures in the region of Andean South America. A ''quipu'' usually consisted of cotton or camelid fiber strings. The Inca people used them for collecting data and keeping records, monitoring tax obligations, collecting census records, calendrical information, and for military organization. The cords stored numeric and other values encoded as knots, often in a base ten positional system. A ''quipu'' could have only a few or thousands of cords. The configuration of the ''quipus'' has been "compared to string mops." Archaeological evidence has also shown the use of finely carved wood as a supplemental, and perhaps sturdier, base to which the color-coded cords would be attached. A relatively small number have survived. Objects that can be identified unambiguously as ''quipus'' first appear in the archaeological record in the first millennium AD (though debated quipus ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, (Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The Inca civilization arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century. The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and by 1572, the last Inca state was fully conquered. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the empire joined modern-day Peru, what are now western Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, the southwesternmost tip of Colombia and a large portion of modern-day Chile, and into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as '' The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national " newspaper of record". For print it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure after its shares became publicly traded. A. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher and the company's chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. Overview The word ''mausoleum'' (from Greek μαυσωλείον) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the United States. The publication has won more than 40 Pulitzer Prizes. It is owned by Patrick Soon-Shiong and published by the Times Mirror Company. The newspaper’s coverage emphasizes California and especially Southern California stories. In the 19th century, the paper developed a reputation for civic boosterism and opposition to labor unions, the latter of which led to the bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. In recent decades the paper's readership has declined, and it has been beset by a series of ownership changes, staff reductions, and other controversies. In January 2018, the paper's staff voted to unionize and final ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilo, Peru
Ilo is a port city in southern Peru, with 66,118 inhabitants. It is the second largest city in the Moquegua Region and capital of the Ilo Province. History Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, the area was populated by the people of the Chiribaya culture. The Conquistadores were given land grants by Charles V and brought olives to this area. Olive agriculture was the main crop and source of work until the early 20th century. A small settlement, Pacocha, was established by the seashore where the Osmore River (Rio Osmore) flows into the Pacific Ocean. High tides in the late 19th century flooded Pacocha and the population moved to Ilo's actual location, adopting its current name. Until the beginning of the 20th century most of the people lived along the banks of the Rio Osmore, whose waters flow sporadically during the summer months. Ilo was a port of call to the ships travelling from the east to the west coast of the United States via Tierra del Fuego. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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