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Sonderbund War
The Sonderbund War (german: Sonderbundskrieg, fr , Guerre du Sonderbund, it , Guerra del Sonderbund) of November 1847 was a civil war in Switzerland, then still a relatively loose confederacy of cantons. It ensued after seven Catholic cantons formed the ("separate alliance") in 1845 to protect their interests against a centralization of power. The war concluded with the defeat of the Sonderbund. It resulted in the emergence of Switzerland as a federal state, concluding the period of political "restoration and regeneration" in Switzerland. The Sonderbund consisted of the cantons of Lucerne, Fribourg, Valais, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug, all predominantly Catholic and governed by conservative administrations. The cantons of Ticino and Solothurn, also predominantly Catholic but governed by liberal administrations, did not join the alliance. After the (Federal Diet) declared the Sonderbund unconstitutional (October 1847) and ordered it dissolved by force, General ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland As A Federal State
The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on 12 September 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution in response to a 27-day civil war, the ''Sonderbundskrieg''. The constitution, which was heavily influenced by the United States Constitution and the ideas of the French Revolution, was modified several times during the following decades and wholly replaced in 1999. The 1848 constitution represented the first time, other than when the short-lived Helvetic Republic had been imposed, that the Swiss had a central government instead of being simply a collection of autonomous cantons bound by treaties. Sonderbund War In 1847, the period of Swiss history known as Restoration ended with a war between the conservative Roman Catholic and the liberal Protestant cantons (the ''Sonderbundskrieg''). The conflict between the Catholic and Protestant cantons had existed since the Reformation; in the 19th century the Protestant population had a majority. The ''Sonderbund' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservativism
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture, conservatives seek to preserve a range of institutions such as organized religion, parliamentary government, and property rights. Conservatives tend to favor institutions and practices that guarantee stability and evolved gradually. Adherents of conservatism often oppose modernism and seek a return to traditional values, though different groups of conservatives may choose different traditional values to preserve. The first established use of the term in a political context originated in 1818 with François-René de Chateaubriand during the period of Bourbon Restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. Historically associated with right-wing politics, the term has since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radicalism (historical)
Radicalism (from French , "radical") or classical radicalism was a historical political movement representing the leftward flank of liberalism during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and a precursor to social liberalism, social democracy and modern progressivism. Its earliest beginnings were found in Great Britain with the Levellers during the English Civil War, and the later Radical Whigs. During the 19th century in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, and Latin America, the term ''radical'' came to denote a progressive liberal ideology inspired by the French Revolution. Historically, radicalism emerged in an early form with the French Revolution and the similar movements it inspired in other countries. It grew prominent during the 1830s in the United Kingdom with the Chartists and Belgium with the Revolution of 1830, then across Europe in the 1840s–1850s during the Revolutions of 1848. In contrast to the social conservatism of existing liberal politics, ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion Map Of Switzerland In 1800 - En
Religion is usually defined as a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements; however, there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). a supernatural being or supernatural beings or "some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life". Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities or saints), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture. Religions have sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schüpfheim
Schüpfheim is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001. Geography Schüpfheim has an area of . Of this area, 59.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 33.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 32.82% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 59.3% is used for farming or pastures, while 0.68% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 2.61% is covered with buildings, 0.37% is industrial, 0.26% is classed as special developments, 0.21% is parks or greenbelts and 1.88% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.55% is unproductive flowing water (rivers) and 1.33% is other unproductive land. Demographics Schüpfheim has a population (as of ) of . , 3.6% of the population was made up of foreig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meierskappel
Meierskappel is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History Meierskappel is first mentioned in 1160 as ''Cappell''. Geography Meierskappel has an area of . Of this area, 66.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 25.2% is forested. The rest of the land, (8.7%) is settled. , 25.19% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 60.15% is used for farming or pastures, while 5.93% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 5.78% is covered with buildings, 0.74% is industrial, 0.15% is classed as special developments, 0.15% is parks or greenbelts and 1.93% is transportation infrastructure. The municipality is located on the south east slope of the ''Rooterberg'' mountain and stretches to Lake Zug. Demographics Meierskappel has a population (as of ) of . , 12.5% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 19.3%. Most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gisikon
Gisikon is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History Gisikon is first mentioned around 1270 as ''Gisinkon''. In the 19th century, especially referring to the battle that occurred on 23 November 1847 during the Sonderbund War or sometimes the battle of 5 June 1653 during the Swiss peasant war of 1653, the town was often (erroneously) called ''Gislikon''.''Der Bauernkrieg im Jahr 1653, oder der grosse Volksaufstand in der Schweiz''(1831), p. 292, 294, 313, 314, 366, 368, 369. Geography Gisikon has an area of . Of this area, 50% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 24.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (5.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 19.82% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 46.85% is used for farming or pastures, while 2.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 13.51% is covered with buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucerne
Lucerne ( , ; High Alemannic: ''Lozärn'') or Luzern ()Other languages: gsw, Lozärn, label= Lucerne German; it, Lucerna ; rm, Lucerna . is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of approximately 82,000 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media in the region. The city's urban area consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people. Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne (german: Vierwaldstättersee) and its outflow, the river Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (german: Kapellbrücke, link=no), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century. The official lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunnern
Obfelden (Swiss German: ''Obfälde'') is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. History Politically, Obfelden is the youngest municipality in Affoltern, though settlements in the area date back to the Alemannic-Franconian period in the 5th century AD. Early activity coalesced around five hamlets: Bickwil (first mentioned in 1246 as ''Bickewilare''), Oberlunnern and Unterlunnern (1257 ''Lundenerun'' and ''Lunderun inferioris''), Wolsen (1311 ''Wolunsun''), and Toussen (1325 ''Thunsen''). These five hamlets were known collectively as being ''ob dem Feld'' ("over the field") from neighbouring Ottenbach; most fell under the jurisdiction of Maschwanden, although Toussen and part of Unterlunnern came under the Zürich Freiamt. Both of these areas were merged into Knonau (today's Affoltern district) in the sixteenth century, when the hamlets of Obfelden became a part of the nearby parish of Ottenbach. In the nineteenth century, local aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geltwil
Geltwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History The earliest trace of human settlement near Geltwil is a Roman era villa. The modern municipality of Geltwil is first mentioned in 1160 as ''Geltwile''. The history of Geltwil was always closely connected with Muri Abbey. In the 13th Century the main part of the land was given by Habsburgs to the Abbey. Even after the conquest of the Aargau in 1415 the village belonged the Muri district. Geltwil is also part of the Muri parish. Between 1798-1803, Geltwil, Isenbergschwil and Winterschwil formed a collective community. In 1816, a reorganization of the district of Muri, led to creation of today's community. With a nearly constant population, Geltwil has remained a purely farming village. In the center is the school house was built in 1972 and the memorial to the battle that took place during the Sonderbund war in Geltwil in 1847. In 1942, the municipality refused to bow to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fribourg
, Location of , Location of () () or , ; or , ; gsw, label=Swiss German, Frybùrg ; it, Friburgo or ; rm, Friburg. is the capital of the Cantons of Switzerland, Swiss canton of Canton of Fribourg, Fribourg and district of Sarine (district), La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking Switzerland, German-speaking and Romandy, French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old town, Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365. History Prehistory The region around Fribourg has been settled since the Neolithic period, although few remains have been found. These include some flint tools found near Bourguillon, as well as a stone hatchet and bronze tools. A river crossing was located in the area during the Roman Empire, Roman Era. The main activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Cross
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a Humanitarianism, humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million Volunteering, volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering. Within it there are three distinct organisations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and governing organisations. History Foundation Until the middle of the nineteenth century, there were no organized or well-established army nursing systems for casualties, nor safe or protected institutions, to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield. A devout Calvinism, Calvinist, the Swiss businessman Jean-Henri Dunant traveled to Italy to meet then-French emperor Napoleon III in June 1859 with the intention of discussing difficulties in conducting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
