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Slavery In The British Virgin Islands
In common with most Caribbean countries, slavery in the British Virgin Islands forms a major part of the history of the Territory. One commentator has gone so far as to say: "One of the most important aspects of the History of the British Virgin Islands is slavery." In 1563, before there had been any European settlement in the British Virgin Islands, Sir John Hawkins visited the islands with a cargo of slaves bound for Hispaniola. In 1665 the Dutch settlers on Tortola were attacked by a British privateer, John Wentworth, who is recorded as capturing 67 slaves which were removed to Bermuda. This is the first record of slaves actually being kept on Tortola. The first Dutch settlers also built slave pens at Port Purcell and on Scrub Island. In 1690 the Brandenburgers built slave pens on Peter Island, however, they later abandoned them in favour of an agreement with the Danes to set up a trading outpost on St. Thomas. The Brandenburgers and Dutch were both expelled by the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade or triangle trade is trade between three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. It has been used to offset trade imbalances between different regions. The Atlantic slave trade used a system of three-way trans-Atlantic exchanges – known historically as the triangular trade – which operated between Europe, Africa and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries. A classic example is the colonial molasses trade, which involved the circuitous trading of slaves, sugar (often in liquid form, as molasses), and rum between West Africa, the West Indies and the northern colonies of British North America in the 17th and 18th centuries. The slaves grew the sugar that was used to brew rum, which in turn was traded for more slaves. In this circuit, the sea lane west from Africa to the West Indies (and later, also to Brazil) was known as the Middle Passag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scourged Back By McPherson & Oliver, 1863, Retouched
A scourge is a whip (implement), whip or lash, especially a multi-thong type, used to inflict severe physical punishment, corporal punishment or Mortification of the flesh, self-mortification. It is usually made of leather. Etymology The word is most commonly considered to be derived from Old French ''escorgier'' - "to whip", going further back to the Vulgar Latin ''excorrigiare'': the Latin prefix ''ex''- "out, off" with its additional English meaning of "thoroughly", plus ''corrigia'' - "thong", or in this case "whip". Some connect it to la, excoriare, "to flaying, flay", built of two Latin parts, ''ex''- ("off") and , "skin". Description A scourge ( la, flagrum; diminutive: ) consists of a rope with metal balls, bones, and metal spikes. The scourge, or flail (agriculture)#Flail and crook, flail, and the shepherd's crook, crook are the two symbols of power and domination depicted in the hands of Osiris in Egyptian monuments. The shape of the flail or scourge is unchanged th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of Malice (law), ''malice'',This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See malice (law). brought about by reasonable Provocation (legal), provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, ''Involuntary'' manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur William Hodge
Arthur William Hodge (1763–1811) was a plantation farmer, member of the Executive Council and Legislative Assembly, and slave owner in the British Virgin Islands, who was hanged on 8 May 1811, for the murder of one of his slaves. He was the first West Indian slave owner to be executed for the murder of a slave considered his property, and perhaps the only British West Indian slave owner, or British subject, to be executed for murdering his slave. He was not however the first white person to have been lawfully executed for the killing of a slave, as some historians have claimed. Early life Arthur William Hodge was born in the British Virgin Islands, the son of Arthur Hodge of Tortola. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford, matriculating in December 1781. He briefly served in the British Army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 23rd Regiment of Foot on 3 December 1782. One of his three wives, Ann Hoggins (1779–1808), was a sister-in-law of the Marquess of Exe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial Agent
A colonial agent was the official representative of a British colony based in London during the British Empire. About 200 men served. They were selected and paid a fixed salary by the colonial government, and given the long delays in communication, they played a major role in negotiating with royal officials, and explaining colonial needs and resources. Their main business was with the Board of Trade, where the agent dealt with land problems, border disputes, military affairs, and Indian affairs. They provided the British officials with the documents and news, secured acceptance of controversial colonial legislation, and tried to head off policies objectionable to the colonies. They handled the appeal cases, which usually went to the Privy Council. Before 1700 a colony would send occasional special agents on a temporary basis. Thus Rhode Island sent John Clarke in 1660 to secure a Royal charter; it took two years, and then he returned. Permanent agents became the practice after 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortunatus Dwarris
Sir Fortunatus William Lilley Dwarris (1786–1860) was an English lawyer and author. Life The eldest son of William Dwarris of Warwick and Golden Grove, Jamaica, by Sarah, daughter of W. Smith of Southam in Warwickshire, he was born in Jamaica on 23 October 1786. He inherited property there, but left the island in infancy, and entered Rugby School 23 October 1801. He went on to University College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 1 March 1808. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 28 June 1811. Through his connection with Jamaica, Dwarris was appointed in 1822 one of the commissioners to inquire into the state of the law in the colonies in the West Indies. An act of parliament was based upon his report (he was the only surviving commissioner), and he was knighted on 2 May 1838. He acted s a member of the commission for examining into the municipal corporations, a master of the Queen's Bench, recorder of Newcastle-under-Lyme, and counsel to the Board of Health. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slave Trade Act
Slave Trade Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom and the United States that relates to the slave trade. The "See also" section lists other Slave Acts, laws, and international conventions which developed the concept of slavery, and then the resolution and abolition of slavery, including a timeline of when various nations abolished slavery. List United Kingdom * The Slave Trade Act 1788 (a.k.a. Dolben's Act) * 47 Geo 3 Sess 1 c 36, sometimes called the Slave Trade Act 1807 * 51 Geo 3 c. 23 Slave Trade Felony Act 1811 * The Slave Trade Act 1824 * The Slave Trade Act 1843 * 8 & 9 Vict c 122 sometimes called the Aberdeen Act (1845) * The Slave Trade Act 1873 * The Modern Slavery Act 2015 United States * The Slave Trade Act of 1794 * The Slave Trade Act of 1800 * Act to prevent the importation of certain persons lavesinto certain states . . ., 1803Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech, "In 1803 they passed a law in aid of one or two State laws, in restr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
