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Sinkyone
The Eel River Athabaskans include the Wailaki, Lassik, Nongatl, and Sinkyone (Sinkine) groups of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River (California), Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California. These groups speak dialects of the Wailaki language belonging to the Pacific Coast Athabaskan group of the Athapaskan languages, Athapaskan language family which is prominently represented in Alaska, western Canada, and the southwestern U.S. Other related Athapaskan groups neighboring the Eel River Athapaskans included the Hupa-Whilkut-Chilula to the north, the Mattole on the coast to the west, and the Kato (tribe), Kato to the south. The Whilkut, Nongatl and Lassik were essentially annihilated during the Bald Hills War in the 1860s. Some Wailaki people are registered members of Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation, Round Valley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eel River Language
Wailaki, also known as Eel River, is an extinct Athabaskan language spoken by the people of the Round Valley Reservation of northern California, one of four languages belonging to the ''California Athabaskan'' cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages. Dialect clusters reflect the four Wailaki-speaking peoples, the Sinkyone, Wailaki, Nongatl, and Lassik people, Lassik, of the Eel River Athapaskans, Eel River confederation. Phonology The sounds in Wailaki: Consonants Vowels Vowels in Wailaki are /i e a o/, and with length as /iː eː aː oː/. References * * * External links Wailaki languageoverview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Wailaki Language (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Eel River Athabaskan)OLAC resources in and about the Wailaki language {{Athabaskan languages Indigenous languages of California Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages Eel River Athapaskan peoples ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wailaki Language
Wailaki, also known as Eel River, is an extinct Athabaskan language Athabaskan (also spelled ''Athabascan'', ''Athapaskan'' or ''Athapascan'', and also known as Dene) is a large family of indigenous languages of the Americas, indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal ... spoken by the people of the Round Valley Reservation of northern California, one of four languages belonging to the ''California Athabaskan'' cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages. Dialect clusters reflect the four Wailaki-speaking peoples, the Sinkyone, Wailaki, Nongatl, and Lassik people, Lassik, of the Eel River Athapaskans, Eel River confederation. Phonology The sounds in Wailaki: Consonants Vowels Vowels in Wailaki are /i e a o/, and with length as /iː eː aː oː/. References * * * External links Wailaki languageoverview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Wailaki Language (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Eel River A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bald Hills War
Bald Hills War (1858–1864) was a war fought by the forces of the California Militia, California Volunteers and soldiers of the U.S. Army against the Chilula, Lassik, Hupa, Mattole, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Tsnungwe, Wailaki, Whilkut and Wiyot Native American peoples. The war was fought within the boundaries of the counties of Mendocino, Trinity, Humboldt, Klamath, and Del Norte in Northern California. During the American Civil War, Army reorganization created the Department of the Pacific on 15 January 1861, and on 12 December 1861, the Humboldt Military District, which was formed to organize the effort to unseat the native population. The district was headquartered at Fort Humboldt, which is now a California State Historic Park located within the City of Eureka, California. The District's efforts were directed at waging the ongoing Bald Hills War against the native people in those counties. Origins of the conflict There were several causes of the Bald Hills War. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mattole
The Mattole, including the Bear River Indians, are a group of Native Americans in California. Their traditional lands are along the Mattole and Bear Rivers near Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County, California. A notable difference between the Mattole and other indigenous peoples of California is that the men traditionally had facial tattoos (on the forehead), while other local groups traditionally restricted facial tattooing to women. Name The Wailaki name was ''Tul'bush'' ("foreigners"), the Cahto name was ''Diideeʾ-kiiyaahaangn'' ("The North Tribe"). The Bear River Indians called themselves and the Mattole Ni'ekeni'. Language The Mattole spoke the Mattole language, an Athapaskan language that may have been closely related to that of their Eel River neighbors to the east. According to linguist Victor Golla, the last surviving person who could speak the Mattole language died in the 1950s. Territory Historically, the Mattole lived along the Mattole River in the valley of Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilula
Chilula (Yurok language term: Chueluela' / Chueluelaa' , ''Tsulu-la'', "People of Tsulu, the Bald Hill", locally known as the "Bald Hills Indians") were a Pacific Coast Athabaskan tribe speaking a dialect similar to the Hupa to the east and Whilkut to the south, who inhabited the area on or near Lower Redwood Creek, in Northern California, some 500 to 600 years before contact with Europeans. Upstream and northwest of the Whilkut along the Lower Redwood Creek lived the Chilula; they established their more than 20 villages only along the eastern shore, because there the mountains were broken by valleys irrigated by small streams, while the western shore was difficult to access. The Chilula (together with Whilkut) were called by the neighboring Hupa-speaking peoples Xwiy¬q'it-xwe / Xwe:yłq'it-xwe ("Redwood Ridge / Bald Hills People"), the Karuk also called them Vitkirik'áraar ("People of Viitkírik/Viitkírak (Bald Hills)"), therefore they were also known as ''Bald Hills Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, most populous U.S. state and the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated Administrative division, subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous Statistical area (United States), urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7million residents and the latter having over 9.6million. Sacramento, California, Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the List of largest California cities by population, most populous city in the state and the List of United States cities by population, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athapaskan Languages
Athabaskan (also spelled ''Athabascan'', ''Athapaskan'' or ''Athapascan'', and also known as Dene) is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean). Kari and Potter (2010:10) place the total territory of the 53 Athabaskan languages at . Chipewyan is spoken over the largest area of any North American native language, while Navajo is spoken by the largest number of people of any native language north of Mexico. ''Athebaskan '' is a version of a Cree name for Lake Athabasca ( crm, Āðapāskāw, script=Latn 'herethere are reeds one after another'), in Canada. Cree is one of the Algonquian languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language. The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. He acknowledged that it was his choice to use that name for the language family and its associa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Coast Athabaskan
Pacific Coast Athabaskan is a geographical and possibly genealogical grouping of the Athabaskan language family. California Athabaskan : 1. Hupa (dining'-xine:wh, a.k.a. Hoopa-Chilula) :: dialects: ::* Hupa ::* Tsnungwe ::: - tse:ning-xwe ::: - tł'oh-mitah-xwe ::* Chilula-Whilkut ::: - Chilula ::: - Whilkut : 2. Mattole–Bear River - extinct :: dialects: ::* Mattole ::* Bear River : 3. Wailaki ("Eel River", spoken by the Eel River Athapaskan peoples) - extinct :: dialects: ::* Sinkyone ::* Wailaki ::* Nongatl ::* Lassik : 4. Cahto (a.k.a. Kato) (sometimes included in Eel River) - extinct Often the Mattole and Wailaki-speaking groups together are called Southern Athapaskans. Their languages were similar to each other, but differed from the northern California tribes whose languages were also part of the Athapaskan family. They are not to be confused with the Apachean peoples (the Apache and Navajo) - also known as Southern Athabascans - of the Southwestern United States and No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eel River (California)
The Eel River (Wiyot: ''Wiya't''; Cahto: ''Taanchow''; Northern Pomo: ''ch'idiyu'') is a major river, about long, of northwestern California. The river and its tributaries form the third largest watershed entirely in California, draining a rugged area of in five counties. The river flows generally northward through the Coast Ranges west of the Sacramento Valley, emptying into the Pacific Ocean about downstream from Fortuna and just south of Humboldt Bay. The river provides groundwater recharge, recreation, and industrial, agricultural and municipal water supply.William M. Brown and John R. RitterSediment transport and Turbidity in the Eel River Basin, 1971, prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources, 67 pages The Eel River system is among the most dynamic in California because of the region's unstable geology and the influence of major Pacific storms. The discharge is highly variable; average flows in January and February are over 100 times ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinsmore, California
Dinsmore is an unincorporated community in California. It is located on the Van Duzen River, at an elevation of . Dinsmore Airport and the Dinsmore Store are located nearby. Also nearby is the Mad River, Ruth, California and Ruth Reservoir (located in Trinity County). Climate This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Dinsmore has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ..., abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. References Unincorporated communities in Humboldt County, California Unincorporated communities in California {{HumboldtCountyCA-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hupa Language
Hupa ( native name: ''Na꞉tinixwe Mixine꞉wheʼ'', lit. "language of the Hoopa Valley people") is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken along the lower course of the Trinity River in Northwestern California by the Hoopa Valley Hupa (''Na꞉tinixwe'') and Tsnungwe/South Fork Hupa (''Tse:ningxwe'') and, before European contact, by the Chilula and Whilkut peoples, to the west. Speakers The 2000 US Census estimated the language to be spoken by 64 persons between the ages of 5 and 17, including 4 monolingual speakers. As of 2012, there were fewer than 10 individuals whose Hupa could be called fluent, at least one of whom ( Verdena Parker) was a fully fluent bilingual. Perhaps another 50 individuals of all ages have restricted control of traditional Hupa phonology, grammar and lexicon. Beyond this, many tribal members share a small vocabulary of words and phrases of Hupa origin. Phonology The consonants of Hupa in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yager Creek
Yager Creek is a tributary stream of the Van Duzen River on the north coast of California in Humboldt County, California. It has its source at the confluence of North Fork Yager Creek and Middle Fork Yager Creek Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (other) * Middle Brook (other) * Middle Creek .... Its mouth is at the confluence with the Van Duzen River just below the town of Carlotta. References Rivers of Humboldt County, California Rivers of Northern California Tributaries of the Eel River (California) {{California-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
