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Simla Convention
The Simla Convention, officially the Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet, . Retrieved 20 March 2009 was an ambiguous concerning the status of negotiated by representatives of the , |
Tibet Justice Center
Tibet Justice Center, (TJC, formerly International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet, ICLT) is an American legal association founded in 1989 that advocates human rights and self-determination for the Tibetan people. Profile The association is a non-governmental organization in Oakland, California, United States, defending human rights and self-determination for the people of Tibet.Kathy PinckertWhoopi Goldberg Will MC and Sing At June 27 Dinner Benefit The Dalai Lama Will be Keynote Speaker Business Wire, 22 juin 2000 Through legal and educational activities ICLT promotes human rights, environmental protection, and peaceful resolution of the situation in Tibet.INCORE guide to Internet sources on conflict in China-Tibet International Conflict Research Institute Founded in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Game
The Great Game is the name for a set of political, diplomatic and military confrontations that occurred through most of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century – involving the rivalry of the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and South Asia, such as Turkestan, and having direct consequences in Persia, British India, and Tibet. Britain concluded, from Russia's military expansion in Central Asia and from diplomatic and intelligence information, that Russia planned to invade India as an ultimate goal. Meanwhile, the Russian Empire had analysed Britain's political behavior as planning the expansion of British interests in Central Asia. As a result, there was an atmosphere of deep distrust, and talk of war between these two major European empires of that time, culminating in several regional wars, and years of diplomatic intrigue and negotiations. Britain made it a high priority to protect all approaches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinhai Lhasa Turmoil
Xinhai Lhasa turmoil (; ) refers to the ethnic clash in the Lhasa region of Tibet and various mutinies following the Wuchang Uprising. It effectively resulted in the end of Qing rule in Tibet. Background The Wuchang Uprising unfolded on October 10, 1911, and marked the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution. Turmoil in the frontier regions of China began to spread. The revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen insisted on "getting rid of the Tartars" and rejected the Manchus, creating a new government based completely on Han-dominated China proper. Turmoil in Tibet The influence of the Wuchang Uprising rapidly spread to the frontier region. Qing armies in Tibet ended up struggling against each other, and as a result, Tibet fell into a state of anarchy. In the winter of 1911, the Qing Governor of Sichuan, Zhao Erfeng, was executed by radicals, and the situation turned worse as Xikang fell into turmoil as well. As a result, the Dalai Lama was able to eliminate Qing influence in Tibet and retur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1911 Revolution
The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a decade of agitation, revolts, and uprisings. Its success marked the collapse of the Chinese monarchy, the end of 2,132 years of imperial rule in China and 276 years of the Qing dynasty, and the beginning of China's early republican era.Li, Xiaobing. 007(2007). ''A History of the Modern Chinese Army''. University Press of Kentucky. , . pp. 13, 26–27. The Qing dynasty had struggled for a long time to reform the government and resist foreign aggression, but the program of reforms after 1900 was opposed by conservatives in the Qing court as too radical and by reformers as too slow. Several factions, including underground anti-Qing groups, revolutionaries in exile, reformers who wanted to save the monarchy by modernizing it, and activists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Expedition To Tibet (1910)
The 1910 Chinese expedition to Tibet or the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1910 was a military campaign of the Qing dynasty to establish direct rule in Tibet in early 1910. The expedition occupied Lhasa on February 12 and officially deposed the 13th Dalai Lama on the 25th. History Qing rule of Tibet was established in the early 18th century after the 1720 Chinese expedition to Tibet. After the British expedition to Tibet in 1904 and the Sino-British treaty in 1906, the Qing regime sent the 1910 expedition to Tibet to assert full control. As Professor Dawa Norbu stated, the British expedition and Treaty of Lhasa led to the Qing government to ensure that they held firm control over Tibet. Afterwards, the Dalai Lama then fled to India. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution and the Xinhai Lhasa turmoil in 1911–1912, the Qing dynasty collapsed and was succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949). See also *Tibet under Qing rule *Xinhai Lhasa turmoil *Chinese expedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Russian Convention
The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (russian: Англо-Русская Конвенция 1907 г., translit=Anglo-Russkaya Konventsiya 1907 g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (; ), was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg. It ended the longstanding rivalry in Central Asia and enabled the two countries to outflank the Germans, who were threatening to connect Berlin to Baghdad with a new railroad that could potentially align the Ottoman Empire with Imperial Germany. The Convention ended the long dispute over Persia. Great Britain promised to stay out of northern Persia, and Russia recognized southern Persia as part of the British sphere of influence. Russia also promised to stay out of Tibet and Afghanistan. In exchange, London extended loans and some political support. The convention brought shaky British–Russian relations to the forefront by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Journal Of International Law
The ''Asian Journal of International Law'' is a peer-reviewed law review focusing on public and private international law. It is an official publication of the Asian Society of International Law and is published by Cambridge University Press. It is produced by the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law and succeeds the ''Singapore Year Book of International Law''. The editors-in-chief are Antony Anghie, Simon Chesterman, and Tan Hsien-Li. The first issue, published in January 2011, included articles by leading Asian scholars and practitioners such as Hisashi Owada, Xue Hanqin, B. S. Chimni, Tommy Koh, Onuma Yasuaki, and Michael Hwang. The launch of the Journal was welcomed as, perhaps, exemplifying a newly assertive Asia challenging the West in intellectual as well as economic terms.Boris N. Mamlyuk & Ugo Mattei , “Comparative International Law”, ''Brooklyn Journal of International Law'', 2011, vol. 36, p. 385 at 441. See alsTwelve Tables (Thai)Blog do NEI (Portuguese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Between Great Britain And China Respecting Tibet
The Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet () was a treaty signed between the Qing dynasty and the British Empire in 1906, as a follow-on to the 1904 Convention of Lhasa between the British Empire and Tibet. It reaffirmed the Chinese possession of Tibet after the British expedition to Tibet in 1903–1904. The British agreed not to annex or interfere in Tibet in return for indemnity from the Chinese government, while China engaged "not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet". See also * Tibet under Qing rule * Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) * British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904) * Treaty of Lhasa (1904) * Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) * Simla Convention The Simla Convention, officially the Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amban
Amban (Manchu language, Manchu and Mongolian language, Mongol: ''Amban'', Standard Tibetan, Tibetan: ་''am ben'', , Uyghur language, Uighur:''am ben'') is a Manchu language term meaning "high official", corresponding to a number of different Qing#Bureaucracy, official titles in the imperial government of Qing dynasty, Qing China. For instance, members of the Grand Council (Qing dynasty), Grand Council were called ''Coohai nashūn-i amban'' in the Manchu language and Qing Governor-General (China), governor-generals were called ''Uheri kadalara amban'' (). The most well-known ambans were the Qing imperial Resident (title), residents (Manchu: ''Seremšeme tehe amban''; ; Tibetan: ''Ngang pai'') in Tibet under Qing rule, Tibet, Qinghai, Mongolia under Qing rule, Mongolia and Xinjiang under Qing rule, Xinjiang, which were territories of Qing China, but were not governed as regular provinces and retained many of their existing institutions. The Qing imperial residents can be rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao Erfeng
Zhao Erfeng (1845–1911), courtesy name Jihe, was a late Qing Dynasty official and Han Chinese bannerman, who belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. He was an assistant amban in Tibet at Chamdo in Kham (eastern Tibet). He was appointed in March, 1908 under Lien Yu, the main amban in Lhasa. Formerly Director-General of the Sichuan-Hubei Railway and acting viceroy of Sichuan province, Zhao was the much-maligned Chinese general of the late imperial era who led military campaigns throughout Kham, earning himself the nickname "the Butcher of Kham"Tsering Shakya"The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Tubten Gyatso"Treasury of Lives, accessed May 11, 2021 and "Zhao the Butcher" (). Amban of Tibet Zhao Erfeng crushed the Tibetan Lamas and their monasteries in the 1905 Tibetan Rebellion in Yunnan and Sichuan, he then crushed the rebels at the siege of Chantreng (now Xiangcheng County, Sichuan) which lasted from 1905 to 1906. The Tibetan Lamas had revolted against Qing rule, killing Chinese govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batang Uprising
Batang may refer to: Places China ;A Chinese county: * Batang County (巴塘县), a county in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan ;Chinese towns: * Batang, Sichuan (巴塘镇), the seat of Batang County, Sichuan * Batang, Guangxi (八塘镇), a town in Gangnan District, Guigang, Guangxi * Batang, Ningxiang (坝塘镇), a town of Ningxiang City, Hunan ;Chinese township: * Batang Township (巴塘乡), a township of Yushu County, Qinghai ;Chinese rivers * Batang River, Qinghai (巴塘河), a tributary of the Tongtian River in Qinghai * Batang River, Sichuan (巴塘河), a tributary of the Jinsha River in Sichuan Southeast Asia * Batang Regency, regency in Central Java province, Indonesia ** Batang, Batang, capital of Batang Regency * Batang, one of the 28 barangays of Irosin, Sorsogon, Philippines Others * Batang, a type of typeface that means "Background" in Korean; see Ming (typeface) Ming or Song is a category of typefaces used to display Chinese characters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Of Lhasa
The Convention of Lhasa, officially the Convention Between Great Britain and Thibet, was a treaty signed in 1904 between Tibet and Great Britain, in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. It was signed following the British expedition to Tibet of 1903–1904, a military expedition led by Colonel Francis Younghusband, and was followed by the Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1906. Terms The main points of the treaty allowed the British to trade in Yatung, Gyantse, and Gartok while Tibet was to pay a large indemnity of 7,500,000 rupees, later reduced by two-thirds, with the Chumbi Valley ceded to Britain until payment was received. Further provisions recognised the Sikkim-Tibet border and prevented Tibet from entering into relations with other foreign powers. As a result, British economic influence grew further in Tibet. The treaty to be between two sovereign countries and excluded China but the British government later continued to recognize that Tibet remained under the sovereignty of the Qi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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