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Simijaca
Simijaca () is a town and municipality in the Ubaté Province, part of the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. The town centre is located at an altitude of on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at from the capital Bogotá. Simijaca borders the Boyacá Department, Boyacá municipalities Chiquinquirá and Caldas, Boyacá, Caldas in the north, Susa, Cundinamarca, Susa and Carmen de Carupa in the south, Caldas, Boyacá, Caldas in the west and San Miguel de Sema in the east. Etymology Simijaca means in the Chibcha language of the Muisca people, Muisca "Blue sky" and "Nose of the white owl". History The area of Simijaca before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, Spanish conquest was part of the Muisca Confederation. Initially loyal to the ''zaque'' of Tunja, Hunza, Simijaca changed rule around 1490 when it was submitted by ''zipa'' Saguamanchica.Restrepo Arcila, 2002, p.179 The first Spanish establishment was done by Rodrigo Mexia Serrano on February 26, 1586. However, this population wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susa, Cundinamarca
Susa is a town and municipality in the Ubaté Province, part of the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. The town centre is located at an altitude of on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at from the capital Bogotá. Susa borders Simijaca, Fúquene, San Miguel de Sema and Lake Fúquene. Etymology In the Chibcha language of the Muisca, ''susa'' means "white reed" or "soft reed". History The area of Susa before the Spanish conquest was part of the Muisca Confederation. Initially loyal to the ''zaque'' of Hunza, Susa changed rule around 1490 when it was submitted by ''zipa'' Saguamanchica. In pre-Columbian times, the territory of the current municipality of Susa was inhabited by the Muiscas. Around 1537, the passage of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada through the territory of Susa to the south was recorded.14 On August 2, 1600, the Oidor Luis Enríquez issued from Cucunubá the order of founding of the new Indian towns of Susa, Simijaca, Fúquene and Nemoquá. On the same August 2, Lui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muisca Confederation
The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (''zaques'', ''zipas'', ''iraca'', and ''tundama'') in the central Andean highlands of present-day Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America. The area, presently called Altiplano Cundiboyacense, comprised the current departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and minor parts of Santander. According to some Muisca scholars the Muisca Confederation was one of the best-organized confederations of tribes on the South American continent. Modern anthropologists, such as Jorge Gamboa Mendoza, attribute the present-day knowledge about the confederation and its organization more to a reflection by Spanish chroniclers who predominantly wrote about it a century or more after the Muisca were conquered and proposed the idea of a loose collection of different people with slightly different languages and backgrounds.Gamboa Mendoza, 2016 Geography Climate Muisca Confederation In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Conquest Of The Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540. The Muisca were the inhabitants of the central Andean highlands of Colombia before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. They were organised in a loose confederation of different rulers; the '' psihipqua'' of Muyquytá, with his headquarters in Funza, the ''hoa'' of Hunza, the '' iraca'' of the sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi, the Tundama of Tundama, and several other independent ''caciques''. The most important rulers at the time of the conquest were ''psihipqua'' Tisquesusa, ''hoa'' Eucaneme, ''iraca'' Sugamuxi and Tundama in the northernmost portion of their territories. The Muisca were organised in small communities of circular enclosures (''ca'' in their language Muysccubbun; literally "language of the people"), with a central square where the '' bohío'' of the ''cacique'' was located. They were called "Salt People" because of their extraction of salt in various locations throughout their ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubaté Province
Ubaté Province is one of the 15 provinces in the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. Etymology The name Ubaté comes from the native name "Ebate" meaning "Bloodied land" or "Sower of the mouth". Subdivision The Ubaté Province is subdivided into 10 municipalities:Orden en las provincias de Cundinamarca - El Tiempo References Provinces of Cundinamarca Department |
Municipalities Of Colombia
The Municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia. Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia with 1,122 municipalities (''municipios''). Each one of them is led by a mayor (''alcalde'') elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments. The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the ''Federación Colombiana de Municipios'' (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests. Categories Conforming to the law 1551/12 that modified the sixth article of the law 136/94 Article 7 http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=48267 the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saguamanchica
Saguamanchica (died Chocontá, 1490) was the second ruler (''zipa'') of Muyquytá, as of 1470. His ''zaque'' enemy ruling over the northern area of the Muisca territory was Michuá. Alternative spellings of his name are Sacuan Machica, Saguanmachica and Saguanmanchica. Biography As former '' cacique'' of Chía, Saguamanchica accessed the throne of the southern Muisca around 1470. His predecessor, the first ''zipa'' of Muyquytá Meicuchuca, left him a rich kingdom with many guecha warriors. This led Saguamanchica to seek expansion of his ''zipazgo''. The first campaign of warfare he planned was to submit the eternal enemies of the Muisca, the Panche and the Sutagao to the west of the Muisca territories. The Carib-speaking peoples formed an alliance against their common and far outnumbered enemy. Saguamanchica together with his vassal Pasca defeated his enemies led by general Uzatama with ease and annexed Fusagasugá and Tibacuy. The expansion policies of the southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Miguel De Sema
San Miguel de Sema is a town and municipality in Boyacá Department, Colombia, part of the subregion of the Western Boyacá Province. It is one of the 123 municipalities of the department of Boyacá, Colombia, located to the west of the department with the urban centre at an altitude of . It is bordered by the municipalities Chiquinquirá, Simijaca, Fúquene ( Cundinamarca), and the Boyacá municipalities Ráquira and Tinjacá. Etymology The name San Miguel de Sema is a combination of the Spanish name for the archangel Saint Michael and the name of a tribe who lived in the area before the Spanish conquest; ''Sema'' or ''Semita''.Etymology Municipalities Boyacá - Excelsio.net History The area of San Miguel de Sema, located in the valley of Chiquinquirá-[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmen De Carupa
Carmen de Carupa is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Ubaté Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. The municipality, located in the Ubaté-Chiquinquirá Valley on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense borders San Cayetano in the west, Tausa and Sutatausa in the south, Ubaté and Susa in the east and Simijaca and Buenavista and Coper ( Boyacá) in the north. History The area around Carmen de Carupa was before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors inhabited by the Muisca. The '' cacique'' of Ubaté ruled over the territories of Carmen de Carupa. The western and northern neighbouring indigenous group of Carmen de Carupa was the Muzo. Modern Carmen de Carupa was founded on July 20, 1808 by José Joaquín Urdaneta and Doña Ventura. Economy Main economical activity in Carmen de Carupa is agriculture, predominantly potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muisca People
The Muisca (also called Chibcha) are an indigenous people and culture of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia, that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish conquest. The people spoke Muysccubun, a language of the Chibchan language family, also called ''Muysca'' and ''Mosca''. They were encountered by conquistadors dispatched by the Spanish Empire in 1537 at the time of the conquest. Subgroupings of the Muisca were mostly identified by their allegiances to three great rulers: the ''hoa'', centered in Hunza, ruling a territory roughly covering modern southern and northeastern Boyacá and southern Santander; the '' psihipqua'', centered in Muyquytá and encompassing most of modern Cundinamarca, the western Llanos; and the '' iraca'', religious ruler of Suamox and modern northeastern Boyacá and southwestern Santander. The territory of the Muisca spanned an area of around from the north of Boyacá to the Sumapaz Páramo and from the summits to the we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyacá Department
Boyacá () is one of the thirty-two departments of Colombia, and the remnant of Boyacá State, one of the original nine states of the "United States of Colombia". Boyacá is centrally located within Colombia, almost entirely within the mountains of the Eastern Cordillera to the border with Venezuela, although the western end of the department extends to the Magdalena River at the town of Puerto Boyacá. Boyacá borders to the north with the Department of Santander, to the northeast with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Norte de Santander, to the east with the departments of Arauca and Casanare. To the south, Boyacá borders the department of Cundinamarca and to the west with the Department of Antioquia covering a total area of . The capital of Boyacá is the city of Tunja. Boyacá is known as "The Land of Freedom" because this region was the scene of a series of battles which led to Colombia's independence from Spain. The first one took place on 25 July 1819 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zipa
When the Spanish arrived in the central Colombian highlands, the region was organized into the Muisca Confederation, which had two rulers; the ''zipa'' was the ruler of the southern part and based in Muyquytá. The ''hoa'' was the ruler of the northern area and based in Hunza, known today as Tunja. Organization ''Psihipqua'' and ''hoa'' were the titles given to these rulers of the ancient confederation. Neither exercised absolute power, not rigid or strict control over those to whom they owed their power, so that they can be considered kings. However, these positions of power were of great honor and were surrounded by a rather elaborate ceremony. The position of the ''psihipqua'' was such that not even the members of the nobility dared to look him in the face, and it is said if the ''psihipqua'' needed to spit, someone would hold out a piece of rich cloth for him to spit on, because it would be sacrilegious for anything so precious as his saliva to touch the ground. Whoever h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. Immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. Early- lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose. As an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. In 2011, dairy farms produced around of milk from 260 million dairy cows. India is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. Because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within India, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. New Zealand, Germany and the Netherlands are the largest expor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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