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Shrivara
Shrivara šrÄ«vara(15th century) wrote a work on the history of Kashmir that adds to the previous works of Kalhana and Jonaraja Jonaraja (died A.D. 1459) was a Kashmiri historian and Sanskrit poet. His ' is a continuation of Kalhana's ' and brings the chronicle of the kings of Kashmir down to the time of the author's patron Zain-ul-Abidin (r. 1418–1419 and 1420–1470 ..., thereby providing an update of the history of Kashmir till 1486 CE. ÅšrÄ«vara served at the courts of the four Å ÄhmÄ«rÄ« Sulá¹Äns Zayn al-Ê¿Ä€bidÄ«n, Ḥaydar Å Äh, Ḥasan Å Äh and MaḥmÅ«d Å Äh until 1486, when Fatḥ Å Äh took power for the first time. Holding this office since 1459, ÅšrÄ«vara concentrated on writing the history he had personally witnessed. Unlike his predecessors Kalhaṇa and JonarÄja, who had completed the history of Kashmir in retrospect and continued it up to their respective times, ÅšrÄ«vara, as a contemporary historian, was left with only occasional retrospective ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonaraja
Jonaraja (died A.D. 1459) was a Kashmiri historian and Sanskrit poet. His ' is a continuation of Kalhana's ' and brings the chronicle of the kings of Kashmir down to the time of the author's patron Zain-ul-Abidin (r. 1418–1419 and 1420–1470). Jonaraja, however, could not complete the history of the patron as he died in the 35th regnal year. His pupil, continued the history and his work, the ', covers the period 1459–86.Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.466 In his ', Jonaraja has vividly described the decline of the Hindu ruling dynasty and the rise of the Muslim ruling dynasty in Kashmir. He coined the word "Jati Vidhvansh" which means Genocide. References Bibliography * ''Kingship in KaÅ›mÄ«r (AD 1148‒1459); From the Pen of JonarÄja, Court Paṇá¸it to Sulá¹Än Zayn al-‛ĀbidÄ«n.'' Critically Edited by Walter Slaje Walter Slaje (born 17 June 1954 in Graz) is an Austrian Indologist Indology, also known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zain-ul-Abidin
, spouse = , issue = Haider Shah , issue-link = , issue-pipe = , house = Shah Mir dynasty , father = Sikandar Shah Miri , mother = , birth_date = 25 November 1395 , birth_place = Kashmir, Shah Mir Sultanate , death_date = 5 April 1470 , death_place = Srinagar, Kashmir , burial_date = 12 April 1470 , burial_place = Srinagar , religion = Sunni Islam } Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin () was the eighth ''sultan'' of Kashmir. He was known by his subjects as ''Bud Shah'' (the Great King). The first 35 years of his reign are described by Jonaraja in the ''Rajatarangini Dvitiya'', while the subsequent years are described by his pupil, Srivara, in the ''Rajatarangini Tritiya''. Rise to power Shahi Khan, a son of Sultan Sikander the ruler of Kashmir, was charged with the rule of the kingdom of Kashmir when his elder brother, Ali Shah, left the kingdom on a pilgrimage to Mecca. It was at this time that Ali Shah gave Shahi Khan t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalhana
Kalhana ( sa, कलà¥à¤¹à¤£, translit=kalhaṇa) was the author of ''Rajatarangini'' (''River of Kings''), an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. All information regarding his life has to be deduced from his own writing, a major scholar of which is Mark Aurel Stein. Robin Donkin has argued that with the exception of Kalhana, "there are no ative Indianliterary works with a developed sense of chronology, or indeed much sense of place, before the thirteenth century". Life Kalhana was born in a Hindu Brahmin family to a Kashmiri minister, Chanpaka, who probably served king Harsha of the Lohara dynasty. It is possible that his birthplace was Parihaspore and his birth would have been very early in the 12th century. The introductory verses to each of the eight Books in his ''Rajatarangini'' are prefaced with prayers to Shiva, a Hindu deity. In common with many Hindus in Kashmir at that time, he was also sympathetic to Buddhism, and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the original Anno Domini (AD) and Before Christ (BC) notations used for the same calendar era. The two notation systems are numerically equivalent: " CE" and "AD " each describe the current year; "400 BCE" and "400 BC" are the same year. The expression traces back to 1615, when it first appeared in a book by Johannes Kepler as the la, annus aerae nostrae vulgaris (), and to 1635 in English as " Vulgar Era". The term "Common Era" can be found in English as early as 1708, and became more widely used in the mid-19th century by Jewish religious scholars. Since the later 20th century, BCE and CE have become popular in academic and scientific publications because BCE and CE are religiously neutral terms. They are used by others who wish to be sensit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mir Dynasty
The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. During the rule of the dynasty from 1339 to 1561, Islam forcefully established in Kashmir. Origins The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya، Sufi groups in Kashmir. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Abu ’l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Slaje
Walter Slaje (born 17 June 1954 in Graz) is an Austrian Indologist Indology, also known as South Asian studies, is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of the Indian subcontinent, and as such is a subset of Asian studies. The term ''Indology'' (in German, ''Indologie'') is o .... Life From 1984 to 1995, Slaje was employed at the University Library of Graz as a subject specialist for Oriental Languages and Cultures and as head of the collection of scientific estates. He studied Indology, Tibetology and Buddhism at the University of Vienna, where he was awarded a doctorate in 1983. After a stay as an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at the University of Hamburg (1989-1991), he completed his habilitation in Indology at the University of Vienna in 1993. In the same year he was awarded the Kardinal Innitzer Advancement Prize for the Humanities. From October 1995 until his retirement in September 2019, he taught as tenured full professor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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