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Short-lived Ottoman Provinces
Among the many Ottoman provinces (eyalets or vilayets) that were created during the centuries-long history of the Ottoman Empire, some existed for relatively short amounts of time, either because they were ceded to foreign powers, obtained independence, or were simply merged with other provinces. Eyalets * The Eyalet of Tiflis was taken from Kartli in 1578/9, but the country proved difficult to subdue: Tiflis was lost in 1583, the Ottomans then lost the whole land except for Lori and Gori, and both were made eyalets in place of Tiflis, but were later lost in 1590 and 1599 respectively. * The Eyalet of Kakheti was nominally an eyalet in 1578, when King Alexander was made a beylerbeyi of his own kingdom. * The Eyalet of Shirvan existed from 1578 to 1604, it had previously been an Ottoman vassal for some years after 1533. * The Eyalet of Dagestan was conquered in 1578 and remained an eyalet until the beginning of the next century. * The Eyalet of Saruhan was an eyalet of the Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyalet
Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey (title equivalent to duke in Turkish) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of State, both in the capital and the states. Between 1861 and 1866, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The eyalets were subdivided into districts called livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. These provinces were usually called pashaliks by Europeans. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takvim-i Vekayi
''Takvim-i Vekayi'' ( ota, تقویم وقایع, meaning "Calendar of Events") was the first fully Turkish language newspaper. It was launched in 1831 by Sultan Mahmud II, taking over from the ''Moniteur ottoman'' as the Official Gazette of the Ottoman Empire. With the beginning of the Tanzimat reform period, ''Takvim-i Vekayi'' produced versions in multiple language editions. It ceased publication in 1878, resuming in 1891–2, before being closed again. It resumed in 1908 until around 1922. In the 1831-1878 period it published a total of 2119 issues - an average of slightly less than one a week. In addition to the Ottoman Turkish, it had versions in French, Armenian, and Greek.info page on bookat Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 22 (PDF p. 24) The Greek version had a title derived from the French ''Moniteur Ottoman'', Othōmanikos Minytōr (Οθωμανικός Μηνύτωρ).info page on bookat Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 26 (PDF p. 28) Johann Strauss, author o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Nedim Pasha
Mahmud Nedim Pasha ( 1818 – 14 May 1883) was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1871–1872 and 1875–1876. Biography He was the son of Mehmed Necib Pasha, a governor-general of Baghdad. After occupying various subordinate posts at the Porte, he became under-secretary of state for foreign affairs, governor-general of Damascus and İzmir (Smyrna), minister of commerce, and governor-general of Tripoli. He was also successively Minister of Justice and Minister of the Navy in 1869, and ultimately grand vizier (identical to a prime minister at this point in the Empire) twice from 1871 to 1872 and from 1875 to 1876. He was high in favour with Sultan Abdülaziz and fell much under the influence of General Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev, the forceful Russian ambassador ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristina
Pristina, ; sr, / (, ) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. The city's municipal boundaries in Pristina District form the largest urban center in Kosovo. After Tirana, Pristina has the second largest population of ethnic Albanians and speakers of the Albanian language. Inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the area of Pristina was home to several Illyrian peoples. King Bardyllis of the Dardanians brought various tribes together in the 4th century BC and established the Dardanian Kingdom.''The Cambridge Ancient History: The fourth century B.C.'' Volume 6 of The Cambridge Ancient History Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, , , Authors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Editors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Second Edition, Cambridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Niš
The Sanjak of Niš ( Turkish: Niş Sancağı; Serbian: Нишки санџак, romanized: ''Niški Sandžak''; Albanian: Sanxhaku i Nishit; Bulgarian: Нишки санджак, romanized: ''Nishki sandzhak'') was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire and its county town was Niš. It was composed of the kazas of Niš (Niş), Pirot (Şehirköy), Leskovac (Leskofça), Vranje (İvranye), Kuršumlija (Kurşunlu), Prokuplje (Ürküp) and Tran (Turan). History Middle Ages Ottoman Empire captured Niš in 1375 for the first time. At the Battle of Niš (early November 1443), crusaders led by John Hunyadi, captured Ottoman stronghold Niš and defeated three armies of the Ottoman Empire. After 1443 Niš was under control of Đurađ Branković. In 1448 it was again captured by Ottoman Empire and remained under its control for the next 241 years. Toponyms such as ''Arbanaška'' and ''Đjake'' shows an Albanian presence in the Toplica and Southern Morava regions (located north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Skopje
Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ) * Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province") * Bulgarian: окръг ('' okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region") * el, Διοίκησις (''dioikēsis'', meaning "province") or επαρχία (''eparchia'', meaning "eparchy") * lad, sancak , group=note (; ota, ; Modern Turkish: ''Sancak'', ) were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. ''Sanjak'', and the variant spellings ''sandjak'', ''sanjaq'' and ''sinjaq'', are English or French transliterations of the Turkish word ''sancak'', meaning "district", "banner" or "flag". Sanjaks were also called by the Arabic word for ''banner'' or ''flag'': '' liwa (Liwā or Liwā’)''. Ottoman provinces (eyalets, later vilayets) were divided into sanjaks (also called ''livas'') governed by sanjakbeys (also called ''Mutesarriff'') and were further subdivided into ''timars'' (fiefs held by ''timariots''), kadiluks (the area of responsibility of a judge, or Kadı ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Dibra
The Sanjak of Dibra, Debar, or Dibër ( tr, Debre Sancağı, al, Sanxhaku i Dibrës, mk, Дебарски санџак, translit=Debarski sandžak) was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. Its capital was Debar, Macedonia (modern-day North Macedonia). Today, the western part of its territory belongs to Albania ( Lower Dibra and Mat) and the eastern part to North Macedonia (Reka and Debar). Extent and subdivisions Besides Debar, the territory of the Sanjak of Dibra included part of northern Albania, namely Krujë and areas between the Mat and Black Drin rivers. In 1440, Skanderbeg was appointed as sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Dibra. Since the mid-19th century, the Sanjak of Dibra had consisted of two kazas: Debar and Reka. By the time of its dissolution in 1912, it had four kazas: Debar, Reka, Mat and Lower Dibra. Culture and demographics In the late Ottoman period, the Sanjak of Dibra had a population of 200,000. Debar, the main town and capital, had 20,000 inhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Prizren
The Sanjak of Prizren or Priştine ( tr, Prizren Sancağı, sq, Sanxhaku i Prizrenit, sr, Призренски санџак / ''Prizrenski sandžak'') was one of the sanjaks in the Ottoman Empire with Prizren as its administrative centre. It was founded immediately after Ottoman Empire captured Prizren from Serbian Despotate in 1455. The rest of the territory of Serbian Despotate was conquered after the fall of Smederevo in 1459, and divided into following sanjaks: Sanjak of Vučitrn, Sanjak of Kruševac and Sanjak of Smederevo. At the beginning of the First Balkan War in 1912, the territory of Sanjak of Prizren was occupied by the army of the Kingdom of Serbia. Based on Treaty of London signed on 30 May 1913, the territory of Sanjak of Prizren became part of Serbia. Administrative divisions According to the 1571 Ottoman register, the Sanjak of Prizren consisted of five nahiyahs: Prizren, Hoča, Žežna, Trgovište and Bihor. In its final borders (between 1889 and 1913), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balıkesir
Balıkesir () is a city in Turkey and is the capital city of Balıkesir Province. Balıkesir is located in the Marmara region of Turkey and has a population of 338,936. Between 1341–1922, it was the capital of Karasi. History Close to modern Balıkesir was the Roman town of '' Hadrianutherae'', founded, as its name commemorates, by the emperor Hadrian. Hadrian came to the region in A.D. 124, as a result of a successful bear hunting he had established a city called his name here. It is estimated that the city consisted of the castle, the homestead, the stud and a few homes. It is thought that the small town was where the current stadium is present. Members of the Roman and Pre-Byzantine dynasty had used this castle as a vacation area and for hunting. During the Byzantine period, the small town which had become increasingly neglected was known as ''Palaeokastron'' ( el, Παλαιόκαστρο) meaning Old Castle. Also, when the Turkomans came from Middle Asia to Mysia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunceli
Tunceli ( ku, Dêrsim) is a city and municipality in eastern Turkey. It is the capital of Tunceli Province, located in the middle of the Eastern Anatolia Region. The city has a Kurds, Kurdish-majority population and was a site of the Dersim rebellion. Name During Ottoman times, the settlement was called Kalan or Mameki. Tunceli, which is a modern name, literally means "bronze fist" in Turkish (''tunç'' meaning "bronze" and ''eli'', in this context, meaning "fist"). It shares the name with the military operation under which the Dersim rebellion, Dersim massacre was conducted. The province of Dersim (or Dêsim) was renamed Tunceli in 1935, as was the settlement of Kalan, which became the province's administrative center in 1938. Dersim is popularly understood to be composed of the Kurdish/Zazaki words ''der'' ("door") and ''sim'' ("silver"), thus meaning "silver door." Whether the town should be called Dersim or Tunceli has been a cause of political quarrels. In May 2019, the loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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