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Sharaf Al-Muluk
Sharaf al-Muluk (Persian: شرف الملوک) was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1328 to 1334. He was the son and successor of Shah-Kaykhusraw. Little is known about Sharaf; he died in 1334, and was succeeded by his brother Hasan II of Tabaristan Hasan II ( fa, حسن), also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Hasan (), was the last ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1334 until his murder in 1349. He was the brother and successor of Sharaf al-Muluk. Reign In 1344, the Sarbadar ruler Wajih ad-Din .... Sources * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharaf al-Muluk 14th-century Bavandid rulers 1334 deaths Year of birth unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavand Dynasty
The Bavand dynasty () (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright independence and submission as vassals to more powerful regional rulers. They ruled for 698 years, which is the second longest dynasty of Iran after the Baduspanids. Origins The dynasty itself traced its descent back to Bav, who was alleged to be a grandson of the Sasanian prince Kawus, brother of Khosrow I, and son of the shah Kavad I (ruled 488–531), who supposedly fled to Tabaristan from the Muslim conquest of Persia. He rallied the locals around him, repelled the first Arab attacks, and reigned for fifteen years until he was murdered by a certain Valash, who ruled the country for eight years. Bav's son, Sohrab or Sorkab ( Surkhab I), established himself at Perim on the eastern mountain ranges of Tabaristan, which thereafter became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah-Kaykhusraw
Shah-Kaykhusraw ( fa, شاه کیخسرو) was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1310 to 1328. He was the brother and successor of Shahriyar V. Reign Shahriyar V died in 1310, leaving his kingdom to a weakened condition, which quickly fell into war of succession between Shah-Kaykhusraw, and his brother Shams al-Muluk Muhammad. Shah-Kaykhusraw, with the support of the Ilkhanid Kutlushah, invaded Mazandaran and forced Shams al-Muluk to flee. However, he later returned to Mazandaran, but was killed by Shah-Kaykhusraw, who then crowned himself as the ''ispahbadh'' of the Bavand kingdom. Shah-Kaykhusraw later became involved in a conflict with Kutlushah, and was forced to leave Amol with his family and to take refugee in the domains of his brother-in-law, the Baduspanid king, Nasir al-Din Shahriyar, who later tried to help Shah-Kaykhusraw defeat Kutlushah, and seems to have had some successes in his effort, but was defeated. Shah-Kaykhusraw remained a refugee until Talish Chubani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan II Of Tabaristan
Hasan II ( fa, حسن), also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Hasan (), was the last ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1334 until his murder in 1349. He was the brother and successor of Sharaf al-Muluk. Reign In 1344, the Sarbadar ruler Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud, sought to increase his territorial domains, and thus in 1344 invaded the domains of Hasan II and the Paduspanid ruler Eskandar II in Mazandaran with several hostile minor dynasties allied against him. When the Sarbadars advanced on Amol, Hasan decided to abandon the city. He then turned around and defeated the Sarbadar garrison at Sari, cutting off Mas'ud's line of retreat. Despite this, Mas'ud decided to press on. When Hasan attacked his rear, however, and Eskandar II met him at his front, Mas'ud was surrounded. The Sarbadars were decimated, and Mas'ud was captured by Eskandar II. He was handed over to the son of one of Togha Temur's former officials who had died fighting the Sarbadars in 1341/1342. Mas'ud was then executed by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Bavandid Rulers
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1334 Deaths
Year 1334 ( MCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * July 18 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundational stone laid for the new ''campanile'' (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral (the tower was designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone). * December 30 – Pope Benedict XII succeeds Pope John XXII, as the 197th pope. Date unknown * Autumn – Battle of Adramyttion: A Christian league defeats the fleet of the Turkish Beylik of Karasi. Births * January 4 – Amadeus VI of Savoy (d. 1383) * January 13 – King Henry II of Castile (d. 1379) * May 25 – Emperor Sukō (d. 1398) * August 30 – King Pedro of Castile (d. 1369) * ''date unknown'' ** King James I of Cyprus (d. 1398) ** Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith, Scottish noble (d. c. 1380) ** Hayam Wuruk, Javanese ruler (d. 1389) Deaths * January 17 – John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
