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Shape Factor (other) , som ...
Shape factor refers to a value that is affected by an object's shape but is independent of its dimensions. It may refer to one of number of values in physics, engineering, image analysis, or statistics. In physics: *Shape factor, or shaping factor, a performance measure for filters such as band-pass filters *Shape factor of crystallites, a term in the Scherrer equation used in X-ray diffraction *The view factor in the field of radiative heat transfer In engineering: * Shape factor (boundary layer flow) *Structural indices derived from falling weight deflectometer data In image analysis: * Shape factor (image analysis and microscopy) including: **The compactness measure of a shape In statistics: *The shape parameter In probability theory and statistics, a shape parameter (also known as form parameter) is a kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributionsEveritt B.S. (2002) Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics. 2nd Edition. CUP. t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shape
A shape or figure is a graphics, graphical representation of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external Surface (mathematics), surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, Surface texture, texture, or material type. A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a ''plane (geometry), plane'', in contrast to ''solid figure, solid'' 3D shapes. A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved ''surface (mathematics), surface'' (a non-Euclidean two-dimensional space). Classification of simple shapes Some simple shapes can be put into broad categories. For instance, polygons are classified according to their number of edges as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, etc. Each of these is divided into smaller categories; triangles can be equilateral, isosceles, obtuse triangle, obtuse, Triangle#By internal angles, acute, Triangle, scalene, etc. while quadrilaterals can be rectangles, rho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, with its main goal being to understand how the universe behaves. "Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized List of engineering branches, fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. See glossary of engineering. The term ''engineering'' is derived from the Latin ''ingenium'', meaning "cleverness" and ''ingeniare'', meaning "to contrive, devise". Definition The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, ABET) has defined "engineering" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face. Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information. On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers. For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models. Digital Digital Image Analysis or Computer Image Analysis is when a computer or electrical device au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistics
Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of statistical survey, surveys and experimental design, experiments.Dodge, Y. (2006) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms'', Oxford University Press. When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey sample (statistics), samples. Representative sampling as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Band-pass Filter
A band-pass filter or bandpass filter (BPF) is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range. Description In electronics and signal processing, a filter is usually a two-port circuit or device which removes frequency components of a signal (an alternating voltage or current). A band-pass filter allows through components in a specified band of frequencies, called its ''passband'' but blocks components with frequencies above or below this band. This contrasts with a high-pass filter, which allows through components with frequencies above a specific frequency, and a low-pass filter, which allows through components with frequencies below a specific frequency. In digital signal processing, in which signals represented by digital numbers are processed by computer programs, a band-pass filter is a computer algorithm that performs the same function. The term band-pass filter is also used for optical filters, sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scherrer Equation
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer. It is used in the determination of size of crystals in the form of powder. The Scherrer equation can be written as: :\tau = \frac where: * \tau is the mean size of the ordered (crystalline) domains, which may be smaller or equal to the grain size, which may be smaller or equal to the particle size; * K is a dimensionless shape factor, with a value close to unity. The shape factor has a typical value of about 0.9, but varies with the actual shape of the crystallite; * \lambda is the X-ray wavelength; * \beta is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM), after subtracting the instrumental line broadening, in radians. This quantity is also sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
View Factor
In radiative heat transfer, a view factor, F_, is the proportion of the radiation which leaves surface A that strikes surface B. In a complex 'scene' there can be any number of different objects, which can be divided in turn into even more surfaces and surface segments. View factors are also sometimes known as configuration factors, form factors, angle factors or shape factors. Summation of view factors Because radiation leaving a surface is conserved, the sum of all view factors ''from'' a given surface, S_i, is unity: :\sum_^n = 1 For example, consider a case where two blobs with surfaces ''A'' and ''B'' are floating around in a cavity with surface ''C''. All of the radiation that leaves ''A'' must either hit ''B'' or ''C'', or if ''A'' is concave, it could hit ''A''. 100% of the radiation leaving ''A'' is divided up among ''A'', ''B'', and ''C''. Confusion often arises when considering the radiation that ''arrives'' at a ''target'' surface. In that case, it generally does n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shape Factor (boundary Layer Flow)
This page describes some of the parameters used to characterize the thickness and shape of boundary layers formed by fluid flowing along a solid surface. The defining characteristic of boundary layer flow is that at the solid walls, the fluid's velocity is reduced to zero. The boundary layer refers to the thin transition layer between the wall and the bulk fluid flow. The boundary layer concept was originally developed by Ludwig Prandtl and is broadly classified into two types, bounded and unbounded. The differentiating property between bounded and unbounded boundary layers is whether the boundary layer is being substantially influenced by more than one wall. Each of the main types has a laminar, transitional, and turbulent sub-type. The two types of boundary layers use similar methods to describe the thickness and shape of the transition region with a couple of exceptions detailed in the Unbounded Boundary Layer Section. The characterizations detailed below consider steady flo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falling Weight Deflectometer
A falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a testing device used by civil engineers to evaluate the physical properties of pavement in highways, local roads, airport pavements, harbor areas, railway tracks and elsewhere. The data acquired from FWDs is primarily used to estimate pavement structural capacity, to facilitate overlay design or determine if a pavement is being overloaded. Depending on its design, a FWD may be contained within a towable trailer or it may be built into a self-propelled vehicle such as a truck or van. Comprehensive road survey vehicles typically consist of a FWD mounted on a heavy truck together with a ground-penetrating radar and impact attenuator. During testing, a FWD subjects the pavement surface to a load pulse which simulates the load produced by a rolling vehicle wheel. The load pulse is produced by dropping a large weight onto a "buffer" which shapes the pulse, and then transmitted to the pavement through a circular load plate. Data are acquired from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I-beam
An I-beam, also known as H-beam (for universal column, UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish language, Polish, Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Spanish language, Spanish, Italian language, Italian and German language, German), is a beam (structure), beam with an or -shaped cross section (geometry), cross-section. The horizontal elements of the are flanges, and the vertical element is the "web". I-beams are usually made of structural steel and are used in construction and civil engineering. The web resists shear forces, while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam. The Euler–Bernoulli beam equation shows that the I-shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shearing (physics), shear loads in the plane of the web. On the other hand, the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction, and is also inefficient in carrying torsion ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moment
Moment or Moments may refer to: * Present time Music * The Moments, American R&B vocal group Albums * ''Moment'' (Dark Tranquillity album), 2020 * ''Moment'' (Speed album), 1998 * ''Moments'' (Darude album) * ''Moments'' (Christine Guldbrandsen album) * ''Moments'' (Mark Holden album), 1995 * ''Moments'' (Leo Ku album) * ''Moments'' (Barbara Mandrell album) * ''Moments'' (Andrew Rayel album) * ''Moments'' (Boz Scaggs album) Songs * "Moment" (Blanche song) (2018) * "Moment" (SMAP song) (2012) * "Moment", a song by Aiden from ''Conviction'' * "Moment", a 2014 song by Young Money from '' Young Money: Rise of an Empire'', featuring Lil Wayne * "Moments" (Hans Bollandsås song) (2010) * "Moments" (Emerson Drive song) (2007) * "Moments" (Ayumi Hamasaki song) (2004) * "Moments" (Tove Lo song) (2014) * "Moments" (One Direction song) (2011) * "Moments" (Freddy Verano song) * "Moments", a song by Westlife from ''Westlife'' Film and television * ''Moment'' (film), a 1978 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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