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Shakhtau
Шах Shakhtau( ba, Шаһтау — «king-mountain») - one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, on the border with the Shakhtau microdistrict of the city Sterlitamak. The name of the mountain has several variations: ''Shachtau'', ''Shaketau'', ''Ashak-tau'', ''Tsar-Gora''. One of the chain of four shihans in the vicinity of the Ishimbay and Sterlitamak cities. Along with Toratau, Yuraktau and Kushtau, which are selected in the short list of the project "Seven Wonders of Russia" (as well Shihany). The name "Shakhtau" is known to the Balkarians and Karachais, so they call Elbrus. Like the other shihans, the remainder of the Permian period (late Paleozoic) reef massif formed over 230 million years ago in the tropical sea. Now the mountain is completely destroyed as a result of geological work to obtain raw materials for Bashkir soda company; in place of the shihan is a quarry. The fate of Shakhtau can comprehend several similar shihans. In Bashkortostan there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shihan (single Hill)
Shihan or Shikhan ( ba, Шихан) is a hill or ridge of isolated chalk hills that are stretched out along with the Belaya River, next to the Sterlitamak city in Bashkortostan Republic, Russia. Prominently standing out of the landscape (akin to buttes) they are notable local landmarks. In the Western Urals, the shihans geologically are reef residues left by ancient seas and are composed of sedimentary limestone. In the Urals, shihans are rocky peaks of the mountains. In the Volga region shihans often can be met on the slopes of river valleys. Shihans in Bashkortostan The ridge in Bashkortostan consist of four isolated mountains: Toratau, Shakhtau, Yuraktau and Kushtau, forming a narrow chain stretching along the Belaya River () for 20 km. The mountains are located nearby Sterlitamak, Ishimbay and Salavat cities and are remnants of Fringing reef that formed in warm seas of early Permian period. The sediments have fossils that mostly consist of remains of ancient invert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishimbaysky District
Ishimbaysky District (russian: Ишимба́йский райо́н; ba, Ишембай районы, İşembay rayonı) is an administrativeConstitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Article 64 and municipalLaw #126-z district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic and borders with Gafuriysky District in the north, Beloretsky District in the northeast, Burzyansky District in the east and southeast, Meleuzovsky District in the south, and with Sterlitamaksky District in the west. The area of the district is .Official website of Ishimbaysky DistrictGeneral Information About the District Its administrative center is the town of Ishimbay (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,042. History The district was established on March 20, 1937.Official website of Ishimbaysky DistrictBrief Histori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian Period
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their amphibia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock (geology), rock layers (Stratum, strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary rock, sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age). Historical development Catholic priest Nicholas Steno established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy when he introduced the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality and the principle of lateral continuity in a 1669 work on the fossilization of organic remains in layers of sediment. The first practical large-scale application of stratigraphy was by William Smith (geologist), William Smith in the 1790s and early 19th century. Known as the "Father of English geology", Smith recognized the significance of Stratum, strata or rock layering and the importance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roderick Murchison
Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, 1st Baronet, (19 February 1792 – 22 October 1871) was a Scotland, Scottish geologist who served as director-general of the British Geological Survey from 1855 until his death in 1871. He is noted for investigating and describing the Silurian, Devonian and Permian systems. Early life and work Murchison was born at Tarradale Castle, Tarradale House, Muir of Ord, Ross-shire, the son of Barbara and Kenneth Murchison. His wealthy father died in 1796, when Roderick was four years old, and he was sent to Durham School three years later, and then the Royal Military College, Great Marlow to be trained for the army. In 1808 he landed with Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Wellesley in Portugal, and was present at the actions of Battle of Roliça, Roliça and Battle of Vimeiro, Vimeiro in the Peninsular War as an ensign in the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot, 36th Regt of Foot. Subsequently under Sir John Moore (British Army officer), John Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolomitic
Dolomite () is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite. An alternative name sometimes used for the dolomitic rock type is dolostone. History As stated by Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure the mineral dolomite was probably first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1768. In 1791, it was described as a rock by the French naturalist and geologist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu (1750–1801), first in buildings of the old city of Rome, and later as samples collected in the mountains now known as the Dolomite Alps of northern Italy. Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure first named the mineral (after Dolomieu) in March 1792. Properties The mineral dolomite crystallizes in the trigonal-rhombohedral system. It forms white, tan, gray, or pink crystals. Dolomite is a double carbonate, having an alternating structural arrangement of calcium and magnesium ions. Unless it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestones
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limestone co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reef
A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic processes— deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock outcrops, etc.—but there are also reefs such as the coral reefs of tropical waters formed by biotic processes dominated by corals and coralline algae, and artificial reefs such as shipwrecks and other anthropogenic underwater structures may occur intentionally or as the result of an accident, and sometimes have a designed role in enhancing the physical complexity of featureless sand bottoms, to attract a more diverse assemblage of organisms. Reefs are often quite near to the surface, but not all definitions require this. Earth's largest coral reef system is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, at a length of over . Biotic There is a variety of biotic reef types, including oyster reefs and sponge reefs, but the most massive and widely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkir Soda Company
Bashkir may refer to: *Bashkirs, an ethnic group in Russia *Bashkir language, a Turkic language spoken by the Bashkirs *A citizen of Bashkortostan *The (American) Bashkir Curly or Curly Horse, a curly-coated American horse breed *The Bashkir horse, a horse breed from Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation *Stefan Bashkir, a character in Eoin Colfer's novel ''The Supernaturalist'' *The V'ornn name for their merchant class, in Eric Van Lustbader's '' Pearl Saga'' See also *Bashkir State University *Bashkiria (other) Bashkiria may refer to: *Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of Russia *Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1992), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union * ''Bashkiria'' (brachiopod), a genus of Brachi ... {{Disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massif
In geology, a massif ( or ) is a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. The term also refers to a group of mountains formed by such a structure. In mountaineering and climbing literature, a massif is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain. The massif is a smaller structural unit of the crust than a tectonic plate, and is considered the fourth-largest driving force in geomorphology. The word is taken from French (in which the word also means "massive"), where it is used to refer a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. One of the most notable European examples of a massif is the Massif Central of the Auvergne region of France. The Face on Mars is an example of an extraterrestrial massif. Massifs may also form underwater, as with the Atlanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and ''zōḗ'' (), "life", meaning "ancient life" ). It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from , and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): # Cambrian # Ordovician # Silurian # Devonian # Carboniferous # Permian The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon and is followed by the Mesozoic Era. The Paleozoic was a time of dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary change. The Cambrian witnessed the most rapid and widespread diversification of life in Earth's history, known as the Cambrian explosion, in which most modern phyla first appeared. Arthropods, molluscs, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and synapsids all evolved during the Paleozoic. Life began in the ocean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
