|
Sevzheldorlag
Sevzheldorlag (also Sevzheldorstroy, Northern Railway ITL) (russian: Севжелдорлаг, Севжелдорстрой, Северный железнодорожный ИТЛ) was a penal labor camp of the GULAG system in the USSR. The full name was Северный железнодорожный исправительно-трудовой лагерь НКВД, Northern Railway Corrective Labor Camp of NKVD. Established on May 10, 1938, on July 24, 1950 it was merged with North Pechora ITL to make the Pechora ITL. Top head count was 84, 893 (January 1941). The main operation was railroad construction. at the Virtual Museum of GULAG The sites of the camp were within , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hava Volovich
Hava Vladimirovna Volovich ( :ru:Волович, Хава Владимировна;1916–2000), was a Ukrainian writer, actress, puppet theater director and Gulag survivor. In literary value and historical witness, her notes from the Soviet forced labour camps have been compared with Shalamov's stories and Anne Frank's Diary. Anne Applebaum wrote that Volovich stands out in the anthology "Gulag Voices", as she, like Elena Glinka, was not afraid to touch upon taboo subjects Volovich's story about her own child in the camp contrasts to some stereotypes about the selfishness and venality of gulag prisoners who bore children there. Biography Hava Vladimirovna (Vilkovna) Volovich was born in 1916 into a Jewish family in Mena, a small town in the Chernihiv region of northern Ukraine. In 1934 she finished a seven-year school and began work first as a typesetter and then as sub-editor with a local newspaper. Volovich was arrested on August 14, 1937 on the charge of anti-Soviet agitat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Camp
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, abolished camps of forced labor. In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals ''per se'', but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes. Some of those camps were dubbed "reeducation facilities" for political coercion, but most others served as backbones of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state, especially in times of war. Precursors Early-modern states could exploit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalmari Virtanen
Jalmari is a Finnish male given name which derives from the Old Norse male name ''Hjalmar'' or ''Hjálmarr'' (''hjalmr'' 'helmet' + ''arr'' 'warrior/army'). Notable people with the name ''Jalmari'' include: *Jalmari Eskola (1886–1958), Finnish athlete of cross country * Jalmari Haapanen (1882–1961), Finnish politician * Jalmari Helander (born in 1976), Finnish screenwriter and film director *Jalmari Holopainen (1892–1954), Finnish footballer *Jalmari Jaakkola (1885–1964), Finnish historian and professeur *Jalmari Kivenheimo (1889–1994), Finnish gymnast *Jalmari Kovanen (1877–1936), Finnish politician *Jalmari Linna (1891–1954), Finnish politician *Jalmari Malmi (1893–1943), Finnish politician *Jalmari Parikka (1891–1959), Finnish revolutionary soldier *Jalmari Rötkö (1892–1938), Finnish politician *Jalmari Ruokokoski (1886–1936), Finnish Expressionist painter *Jalmari Sauli (1889–1957), Finnish writer and athlete *Jalmari Väisänen (1893–1983), Finnish p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanologist
Oceanography (), also known as oceanology and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry and biology. History Early history Humans first acquired knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in pre-historic times. Observations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrographer
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection. History The origins of hydrography lay in the making of charts to aid navigation, by individual mariners as they navigated into new waters. These were usually the private property, even closely held secrets, of individuals who used them for commercial or military advantage. As transoceanic trade and exploration increased, hydrographic surveys started to be carried out as an exercise in their own right, and the commissioning of surveys was increasingly done by governments and special hydrographic offices. National organizations, particularly navies, realized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art And Culture In The Gulag Labor Camps
Art and culture took on a variety of forms in the forced labor camps of the Gulag system that existed across the Soviet Union during the first half of the twentieth century. Theater, music, visual art, and literature played a role in camp life for many of the millions of prisoners who passed through the Gulag system. Some creative endeavors were initiated and executed by prisoners themselves (sometimes in secret), while others were overseen by the camp administration. Some projects benefited from prisoners who had been professional artists; others were organized by amateurs. The robust presence of the arts in the Gulag camps is a testament to the resourcefulness and resilience of prisoners there, many of whom derived material benefits and psychological comfort from their involvement in artistic projects. Theater and music One of the most visible forms of art within the Gulag was performance. Many prisoners, from experienced actors and musicians to total amateurs, either particip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matvey Amagayev
Matvei or Matvey is the Russian language variation of Matthew. Notable people with the name include: * Matvei Blanter (1903–1990), Russian composer of popular and film music * Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (1906–1938), Soviet theoretical physicist * Matvey Frantskevich (born 1995), Belarusian footballer * Matvei Gedenschtrom (c. 1780–1845), Russian explorer of the northern parts of Siberia * Matvei Golovinski (1865–1920), Russian-French writer, journalist, and Political activist * Matvey Gusev (1826–1866), Russian astronomer * Matvey Kuzmin (1858–1942), Russian peasant who was killed in World War II * Matvey Mamykin (born 1994), Russian cyclist * Matvey Manizer (1891–1966), Russian sculptor * Matvei Muranov (1873–1959), Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary * Matvey Muravyev (1784–1836), Russian explorer * Matvei Petrov (born 1990), Russian male artistic gymnast * Matvei Safonov (born 1999), Russian footballer * Matvei Zakharov (1898–1972), Marshal of the Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
