|
Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin
Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Чаплы́гин; 5 April 1869 – 8 October 1942) was a Russian and USSR, Soviet physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. He is known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. He graduated in 1890 from Moscow University, and later became a professor. He taught mechanical engineering at Moscow Higher Courses for Women in 1901, and of applied mathematics at Moscow School of Technology, 1903. He was appointed Director of the courses in 1905. Leonid I. Sedov was one of his students. Chaplygin's theories were greatly inspired by Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky, N. Ye. Zhukovsky, who founded the TsAGI, Central Institute of Aerodynamics. His early research consisted of hydromechanics. His "Collected Works" in four volumes were published in 1948. Honours and awards * Hero of Socialist L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranenburg
Chaplygin (russian: Чаплы́гин) is a town and the administrative center of Chaplyginsky District in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Stanovaya Ryasa and Yagodnaya Ryasa Rivers, north of Lipetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History The settlement of Ust Stanovykh Ryas () was founded on the territory of modern Chaplygin in the first half of the 17th century. It later grew into the village ('' selo'') of Slobodskoye (). In 1695, Peter the Great built a small wooden palace in the vicinity, and in 1702 a small fortress under the name of Oranienburg (). The name, originally taken from that of the German town Oranienburg, was modified to Raninburg and later to Ranenburg (). Also in 1702, both the fortress and the village of Slobodskoye were granted to Alexander Menshikov, who built a small monastery here in 1712. Town status was granted to Ranenburg in 1778. In 1948, it was renamed Chaplygin after the Russian physicist Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid I
Leonid (russian: Леонид ; uk, Леонід ; be, Леанід, Ljeaníd ) is a Slavic version of the given name Leonidas. The French version is Leonide. People with the name include: *Leonid Andreyev (1871–1919), Russian playwright and short-story writer who led the Expressionist movement in the national literature *Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982), leader of the USSR from 1964 to 1982 *Leonid Buryak (b. 1953), USSR/Ukraine-born Olympic-medal-winning soccer player and coach *Leonid Bykov (1928–1979), Soviet and Ukrainian actor, film director, and script writer *Leonid Desyatnikov (b. 1955), Soviet and Russian opera and film composer *Leonid Feodorov (1879–1935), a bishop and Exarch for the Russian Catholic Church, and survivor of the Gulag *Leonid Filatov (1946–2003), Soviet and Russian actor, director, poet, and pamphleteer *Leonid Gaidai, (1923–1993), Soviet comedy film director * Leonid Geishtor (b. 1936), USSR (Belarus)-born Olympic champion Canadian pairs s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroes Of Socialist Labour
Heroes or Héroes may refer to: * Hero, one who displays courage and self-sacrifice for the greater good Film * ''Heroes'' (1977 film), an American drama * ''Heroes'' (2008 film), an Indian Hindi film Gaming * ''Heroes of Might and Magic'' or ''Heroes'', a series of video games *''Heroes of the Storm'' or ''Heroes,'' a 2015 video game * ''Heroes'' (role-playing game) (1979) * '' Heros: The Sanguine Seven'', a 1993 video game * ''Sonic Heroes'', a 2003 video game in the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' franchise Literature * ''Heroes'' (book series), short novels and plays intended for young boys * ''Heroes'' (comics), a 1996 comic book by DC Comics * ''Heroes'' (novel), a 1998 novel by Robert Cormier * ''Heroes'' (play), a translation by Tom Stoppard of ''Le Vent Des Peupliers'' by Gérald Sibleyras * '' Heroes: Saving Charlie'', a 2007 novel based on the American TV series ''Heroes'' * ''Heroes'', a role-playing game magazine by Avalon Hill * ''Heroes'', a 2018 collection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematicians From The Russian Empire
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Chaplygin
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1942 Deaths
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1869 Births
Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress. * January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood, a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. * January 27 – The Republic of Ezo is proclaimed on the northern Japanese island of Ezo (which will be renamed Hokkaidō on September 20) by remaining adherents to the Tokugawa shogunate. * February 5 – Prospectors in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia, discover the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found, known as the "Welcome Stranger". * February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized. * February 25 – The Iron and Steel Institute is formed in Lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaplygin's Top
In classical mechanics, the precession of a rigid body such as a spinning top under the influence of gravity is not, in general, an integrable problem. There are however three (or four) famous cases that are integrable, the Euler, the Lagrange, and the Kovalevskaya top.. In addition to the energy, each of these tops involves three additional constants of motion that give rise to the integrability. The Euler top describes a free top without any particular symmetry, moving in the absence of any external torque in which the fixed point is the center of gravity. The Lagrange top is a symmetric top, in which two moments of inertia are the same and the center of gravity lies on the symmetry axis. The Kovalevskaya topPerelemov, A. M. (2002). ''Teoret. Mat. Fiz.'', Volume 131, Number 2, pp. 197–205. is a special symmetric top with a unique ratio of the moments of inertia which satisfy the relation : I_1=I_2= 2 I_3, That is, two moments of inertia are equal, the third is half as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaplygin Sleigh
The Chaplygin sleigh is a simple pedagogical example of a nonholonomic system in mechanics, described by Sergey Chaplygin Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Чаплы́гин; 5 April 1869 – 8 October 1942) was a Russian and Soviet physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. He is known for mathe .... It consists of a body that slides frictionlessly on a horizontal plane, with a knife edge that constrains its motion so that the knife slides only longitudinally. Because this constraint is nonholonomic, Liouville's theorem does not apply, and although energy is conserved, the motion is dissipative in the sense that phase-space volume is not conserved. The motion is attracted to an equilibrium, in which the sleigh moves without rotation, with the knife edge trailing the center of mass. There are several ways of seeing that the system is nonholonomic. The dimension of the phase space is 5, which is odd. The co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamb–Chaplygin Dipole
The Lamb–Chaplygin dipole model is a mathematical description for a particular inviscid and steady dipolar vortex flow. It is a non-trivial solution to the two-dimensional Euler equations. The model is named after Horace Lamb and Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin, who independently discovered this flow structure. This dipole is the two-dimensional analogue of Hill's spherical vortex. __TOC__ The model A two-dimensional (2D), solenoidal vector field \mathbf may be described by a scalar stream function \psi, via \mathbf = -\mathbf \times \mathbf \psi, where \mathbf is the right-handed unit vector perpendicular to the 2D plane. By definition, the stream function is related to the vorticity \omega via a Poisson equation: -\nabla^2\psi = \omega. The Lamb–Chaplygin model follows from demanding the following characteristics: * The dipole has a circular atmosphere/separatrix with radius R: \psi\left(r = R\right) = 0. * The dipole propages through an otherwise irrorational fluid (\ome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaplygin Problem
In mathematics, particularly in the fields of nonlinear dynamics and the calculus of variations, the Chaplygin problem is an isoperimetric problem with a differential constraint. Specifically, the problem is to determine what flight path an airplane in a constant wind field should take in order to encircle the maximum possible area in a given amount of time. The airplane is assumed to be constrained to move in a plane, moving at a constant airspeed In aviation, airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air. Among the common conventions for qualifying airspeed are: * Indicated airspeed ("IAS"), what is read on an airspeed gauge connected to a Pitot-static system; * Calibrated ... ''v'', for time ''T'', and the wind is assumed to move in a constant direction with speed ''w''. The solution of the problem is that the airplane should travel in an ellipse whose major axis is perpendicular to ''w'', with eccentricity ''w''/''v''. References * * * Calculus of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_1938.jpg "Click for more on -> People From Chaplygin")
