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Sergei P. Novikov
Sergei Petrovich Novikov (also Serguei) (Russian: Серге́й Петро́вич Но́виков) (born 20 March 1938) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, noted for work in both algebraic topology and soliton theory. In 1970, he won the Fields Medal. Early life Novikov was born on 20 March 1938 in Gorky, Soviet Union (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). He grew up in a family of talented mathematicians. His father was Pyotr Sergeyevich Novikov, who gave a negative solution to the word problem for groups. His mother, Lyudmila Vsevolodovna Keldysh, and maternal uncle, Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh, were also important mathematicians. In 1955 Novikov entered Moscow State University, from which he graduated in 1960. Four years later he received the Moscow Mathematical Society Award for young mathematicians. In the same year he defended a dissertation for the ''Candidate of Science in Physics and Mathematics'' degree (equivalent to the PhD) at Moscow State University. In 1965 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gorky (, ; 1932–1990), is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District. The city is located at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers in Central Russia, with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.7 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Nizhny Novgorod is the sixth-largest city in Russia, the second-most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. It is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theaters, museums and churches. The city w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the De facto#National languages, ''de facto'' language of the former Soviet Union,1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states. Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lomonosov Gold Medal
The Lomonosov Gold Medal (russian: Большая золотая медаль имени М. В. Ломоносова ''Bol'shaya zolotaya medal' imeni M. V. Lomonosova''), named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Since 1967, two medals are awarded annually: one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. It is the Academy's highest accolade. Recipients of Lomonosov Gold Medal __NOTOC__ 1959 * Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: cumulatively, for works in physics of low temperatures. 1961 * Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov: accumulatively for works in chemistry. 1963 * Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, president of the Scientific Council of Japan): for substantial scientific contributions to the development of physics. * Hideki Yukawa (member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolf Prize In Mathematics
The Wolf Prize in Mathematics is awarded almost annually by the Wolf Foundation in Israel. It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Chemistry, Medicine, Physics and Arts. According to a reputation survey conducted in 2013 and 2014, the Wolf Prize in Mathematics is the third most prestigious international academic award in mathematics, after the Abel Prize and the Fields Medal. Until the establishment of the Abel Prize, it was probably the closest equivalent of a "Nobel Prize in Mathematics", since the Fields Medal is awarded every four years only to mathematicians under the age of 40. Laureates Laureates per country Below is a chart of all laureates per country (updated to 2022 laureates). Some laureates are counted more than once if have multiple citizenship. Notes See also * List of mathematics awards References External links * * * Israel-Wolf-Prizes 2015Jerusalempost Wolf Prizes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobachevsky Medal
The Lobachevsky Prize, awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Lobachevsky Medal, awarded by the Kazan State University, are mathematical awards in honor of Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky. History The Lobachevsky Prize was established in 1896 by the Kazan Physical and Mathematical Society, in honor of Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, who had been a professor at Kazan University, where he spent nearly his entire mathematical career. The prize was first awarded in 1897. Between the October revolution of 1917 and World War II the Lobachevsky Prize was awarded only twice, by the Kazan State University, in 1927 and 1937. In 1947, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the jurisdiction over awarding the Lobachevsky Prize was transferred to the USSR Academy of Sciences.B. N. Shapukov“On history of Lobachevskii Medal and Lobachevskii Prize”(in Russian), Tr. Geom. Semin., 24, Kazan Mathematical Society, Kazan, 2003, 11–16 The 1947 decree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fields Medal
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields. The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics, although there are several major differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, age limits, monetary value, and award criteria. According to the annual Academic Excellence Survey by ARWU, the Fields Medal is consistently regarded as the top award in the field of mathematics worldwide, and in another reputation survey conducted by IREG in 2013–14, the Fields Medal came closely after the Abel Prize as the second most prestigious international award in mathematics. The prize includes a monetary award which, since 2006, has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wess–Zumino–Witten Model
In theoretical physics and mathematics, a Wess–Zumino–Witten (WZW) model, also called a Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten model, is a type of two-dimensional conformal field theory named after Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino, Sergei Novikov and Edward Witten. A WZW model is associated to a Lie group (or supergroup), and its symmetry algebra is the affine Lie algebra built from the corresponding Lie algebra (or Lie superalgebra). By extension, the name WZW model is sometimes used for any conformal field theory whose symmetry algebra is an affine Lie algebra. Action Definition For \Sigma a Riemann surface, G a Lie group, and k a (generally complex) number, let us define the G-WZW model on \Sigma at the level k. The model is a nonlinear sigma model whose action is a functional of a field \gamma:\Sigma \to G: :S_k(\gamma)= -\frac \int_ d^2x\, \mathcal \left (\gamma^ \partial^\mu \gamma, \gamma^ \partial_\mu \gamma \right ) + 2\pi k S^(\gamma). Here, \Sigma is equipped with a flat Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novikov's Compact Leaf Theorem
{{Short description, Result about foliation of compact 3-manifolds In mathematics, Novikov's compact leaf theorem, named after Sergei Novikov, states that : ''A codimension-one foliation of a compact 3-manifold whose universal covering space is not contractible must have a compact leaf.'' Novikov's compact leaf theorem for ''S''3 Theorem: ''A smooth codimension-one foliation of the 3-sphere'' ''S''3 ''has a compact leaf. The leaf is a torus'' ''T''2 ''bounding a solid torus with the Reeb foliation.'' The theorem was proved by Sergei Novikov in 1964. Earlier Charles Ehresmann had conjectured that every smooth codimension-one foliation on ''S''3 had a compact leaf, which was known to be true for all known examples; in particular, the Reeb foliation has a compact leaf that is ''T''2. Novikov's compact leaf theorem for any ''M''3 In 1965, Novikov proved the compact leaf theorem for any ''M''3: Theorem: ''Let'' ''M''3 ''be a closed 3-manifold with a smooth codimensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novikov–Veselov Equation
In mathematics, the Novikov–Veselov equation (or Veselov–Novikov equation) is a natural (2+1)-dimensional analogue of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. Unlike another (2+1)-dimensional analogue of KdV, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, it is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 2-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation. Similarly, the Korteweg–de Vries equation is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 1-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The equation is named after S.P. Novikov and A.P. Veselov who published it in . Definition The Novikov–Veselov equation is most commonly written as where v = v( x_1, x_2, t ), w = w( x_1, x_2, t ) and the following standard notation of complex analysis is used: \Re is the real part, : \partial_ = \frac ( \partial_ - i \partial_ ), \quad \partial_ = \frac ( \partial_ + i \partial_ ). The function v is generally considered to be real-valued. The function w is an auxiliary f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novikov–Shubin Invariant
In mathematics, a Novikov–Shubin invariant, introduced by , is an invariant of a compact Riemannian manifold related to the spectrum of the Laplace operator acting on square-integrable differential forms on its universal cover. The Novikov–Shubin invariant gives a measure of the density of eigenvalues around zero. It can be computed from a triangulation of the manifold, and it is a homotopy invariant In topology, a branch of mathematics, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from grc, ὁμός "same, similar" and "place") if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a defor .... In particular, it does not depend on the chosen Riemannian metric on the manifold. Notes References * * * * * * Differential geometry Algebraic topology {{topology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
