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Semi-Italian Opening
The Semi-Italian Opening (also known as Half Giuoco Piano, Lesser Giuoco Piano, and Paris Defence) is one of Black's responses to the Italian Game.Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 365. Semi-Italian Opening.Kasparov & Keene (1982), pp. 308, 309. It begins with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 d6 Black's intent is to play a Hungarian Defense with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square.Harding & Botterill (1977), pp. 129–30. The line was tried by Alexander Alekhine early in his career.Horowitz (1964), pp. 39–41. The first recorded use in international competition was in 1846. I. A. Horowitz called the defence "solid", also writing: "It does not seem quite sufficient for equality." The ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' code for the Semi-Italian is C50. Lines Main line: 4.c3 * 4...Bg4 5.d4 Qe7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.Nbd2 g6 9.dxe5 and White was slightly better in Grigory Levenfish–Alexander Tolush, Leningrad 1939. * 4...Qe7 5.d4 g6 or 5.0-0 g6 is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Opening
The Giuoco Piano (Italian: "Quiet Game"; ), also called the Italian Opening, is a chess opening beginning with the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 Nc6 :3. Bc4 Bc5 "White aims to develop quickly – but so does Black. White can construct a pawn centre but in unfavourable conditions a centre which cannot provide a basis for further active play." The name Italian Game is used by some authors ; however, that name is also used to describe all openings starting 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4, including 3...Nf6 (the Two Knights Defence) and other less common replies. The Giuoco Piano is assigned codes C50 to C54 in the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings''. History The Giuoco Piano is one of the oldest recorded openings. The Portuguese Damiano played it at the beginning of the 16th century and the Italian Greco played it at the beginning of the 17th century. The Giuoco Piano was popular through the 19th century, but modern refinements in defensive play have led most chess masters towards o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Gavrikov
Viktor Nikolaevich Gavrikov (; 29 July 1957 – 27 April 2016) was a Lithuanian-Swiss chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1984. Gavrikov shared first place with Gintautas Piešina in the 1978 Lithuanian Championship in Vilnius. In 1983 he won the under-26 Soviet championship. Two years later he jointly won the 52nd Soviet Championship with Mikhail Gurevich and Alexander Chernin in Riga, and tied for second place in the 1986 event, won by Vitaly Tseshkovsky. In 1988, Gavrikov tied for first place with Anatoly Karpov in the World Active Championship, held in Mazatlán, Mexico, finishing second on tiebreak. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he emigrated to Switzerland. He won the Grandmaster Tournament of the Biel Chess Festival in 1994, and the Swiss Championship at Arosa in 1996. He tied for first with Viktorija Čmilytė, Darius Ruzele, Aloyzas Kveinys, Vaidas Sakalauskas Vaidas Sakalauskas (born July 2, 1971) is a Lithuanian chess p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anova Books
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Corp. The name is a combination of several publishing firm names: Harper & Row, an American publishing company acquired in 1987—whose own name was the result of an earlier merger of Harper & Brothers (founded in 1817) and Row, Peterson & Company—together with Scottish publishing company William Collins, Sons (founded in 1819), acquired in 1989. The worldwide CEO of HarperCollins is Brian Murray. HarperCollins has publishing groups in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India, and China. The company publishes many different imprints, both former independent publishing houses and new imprints. History Collins Harper Mergers and acquisitions Collins was bought by Rupert Murdoch's News Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philidor Defence
The Philidor Defence (or Philidor's Defence) is a chess opening characterised by the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 d6 The opening is named after the famous 18th-century player François-André Danican Philidor, who advocated it as an alternative to the common 2...Nc6. His original idea was to challenge White's by the pawn thrust ...f7–f5. Today, the Philidor is known as a but passive choice for Black, and is seldom seen in top-level play except as an alternative to the heavily analysed openings that can ensue after the normal 2...Nc6. It is considered a good opening for amateur players who seek a defensive strategy that is simpler and easier to understand than the complex positions that result from an opening such as the French Defence. The ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' code for Philidor Defence is C41. Use The Philidor occurred in one of the most famous games ever played, "The Opera Game" played in 1858 between the American chess master Paul Morphy and two strong a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chess Openings Named After Places
Below is a list of chess openings named after places. ''The Oxford Companion to Chess'' lists 1,327 named chess openings and variants. Many of them are named for geographic places. A *Aachen Gambit of the Nimzowitsch Defense 1.e4 Nc6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 Nb4 *Abbazia Defense of the King's Gambit 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 d5 *American Gambit of the Dutch Defense 1.d4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nd2 *Adelaide Counter-Gambit of the King's Gambit 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Nc6 3.Nf3 f5 *Amsterdam Variation of the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.Be2 Nc6 8.Qd2 *Arkhangelsk Defense (or Archangel Defense) of the Ruy Lopez 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 b5 6.Bb3 Bb7 *Argentine Gambit of the Baltic Defense 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Bf5 3.cxd5 Bxb1 4.Qa4+ c6 5.dxc6 Nxc6 *Argentine Variation of the Cambridge Springs Defense 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5 7.Nd2 Bb4 8.Qc2 0-0 9.Bh4 *Armenian Variation of the French Defence 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chess Openings
This is a list of chess openings, organized by the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' () code. In 1966, Chess Informant categorized the chess openings into five broad areas ("A" through "E"), with each of those broken down into one hundred subcategories ("00" through "99"). The openings were published in five volumes of ''ECO'', with volumes labeled "A" through "E". This is a list of chess openings by the ''ECO'' classification. A – Flank openings * White first moves other than 1.e4, 1.d4 (A00–A39) * 1.d4 without 1...d5, 1...Nf6 or 1...f5: Atypical replies to 1.d4 (A40–A44) * 1.d4 Nf6 without 2.c4: Atypical replies to 1...Nf6 (A45–A49) * 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 without 2...e6 or 2...g6: Atypical Indian systems (A50–A79) * 1.d4 f5: Dutch Defence (A80–A99) A00–A39 White first moves other than 1.e4, 1.d4: *A00 Irregular Openings :* Anderssen's Opening: 1.a3 ::* Anderssen's Opening, Polish Gambit: 1...a5 2.b4 :::* Bugayev Attack 2...e5 ::* Anderssen's Opening, Creepy Crawly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veniamin Sozin
Veniamin Innokentevich Sozin (russian: Вениамин Иннокентьевич Созин, 1896–1956) was a Soviet chess master, writer, and theoretician. Chess career Sozin was an active player during the 1920s and 1930s, competing in four Soviet chess championships. Following the third Soviet Championship in 1924, in which he finished a creditable ninth with a score of 9/17, Sozin was awarded the title of Master of Sport; however, he was unable to maintain this level of performance, and was one of several players whose title was revoked in 1935. Opening theory contributions Sicilian, Sozin Attack The Sozin Attack (also known as the Sozin Variation or the Fischer–Sozin Attack) consists of the move 6.Bc4 against the Sicilian Defence, Classical Variation. Sozin was not the first to play this move – examples can be found dating back to the 19th century; however, he was one of the first to develop the plan of advancing the f-pawn to f5 to put pressure on Black's e6-squa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perpetual Check
In the game of chess, perpetual check is a situation in which one player can a draw by an unending series of checks. This typically arises when the player who is checking cannot deliver checkmate, and failing to continue the series of checks gives the opponent at least a chance to win. A draw by perpetual check is no longer one of the rules of chess; however, such a situation will eventually allow a draw claim by either threefold repetition or the fifty-move rule. Players usually agree to a draw long before that, however. Perpetual check can also occur in other forms of chess, although the rules relating to it might be different. For example, giving perpetual check is not allowed in shogi and xiangqi, where doing so leads to an automatic loss for the giver. Examples In this diagram, Black is ahead a rook, a bishop, and a pawn, which would normally be a decisive advantage. But White, to move, can draw by perpetual check: : 1. Qe8+ Kh7 : 2. Qh5+ Kg8 : 3. Qe8+ etc. The same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Line
Mainline, ''Main line'', or ''Main Line'' may refer to: Transportation Railway * Main line (railway), the principal artery of a railway system * Main line railway preservation, the practice of operating preserved trains on an operational railway network Asia ;India * Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line * Chennai Central–Mysuru main line *Gandhidham–Ahmedabad main line * Howrah–Bardhaman main line *Howrah–Chennai main line, between Chennai and Kolkata *Howrah–Delhi main line *New Delhi–Chennai main line ;Japan *Arashiyama Main Line *Chichibu Main Line * Chikuhō Main Line * Chūō Main Line * Eiden Eizan Main Line *Fukushima Rinkai Railway Main Line *Hakodate Main Line *Hankyū Kōbe Main Line *Hankyu Kyoto Main Line *Hankyu Takarazuka Main Line *Hanshin Main Line *Hidaka Main Line *Hiroden Main Line *Hōhi Main Line *Hokuriku Main Line *Kagoshima Main Line *Kansai Main Line *Keihan Main Line *Keikyū Main Line * Keisei Main Line *Kisei Main Line *Kyūdai Main Line *Meite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miroslav Filip
Miroslav Filip (27 October 1928 – 27 April 2009) was a Czech chess grandmaster. Filip was awarded the title of International Master in 1953, and the Grandmaster title in 1955. Filip represented Czechoslovakia in 12 consecutive Chess Olympiads from Helsinki 1952 to Nice 1974, playing 194 games with the overall result (+62–28=104). World Championship candidate Filip twice qualified for the Candidates Tournament, which is the tournament to choose a world championship challenger. In 1955 Filip placed seventh in the Gothenburg Interzonal, qualifying for the Candidates, which was held in Amsterdam the following year. He placed eighth out of ten players. (See World Chess Championship 1957.) In 1962 Filip placed fifth (out of 23 players) in the Stockholm Interzonal. This qualified him for the Candidates tournament in Curaçao, where he tied for last place out of eight players. (See World Chess Championship 1963.) Three-time Czechoslovak Chess Champion Filip won the Czechoslo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Lutikov
Anatoly Lutikov (5 February 1933 in Leningrad – 23 October 1989 in Tiraspol) was a Russian chess player. He was awarded the International Master title in 1967 and the Grandmaster title in 1974. He won the Moldovan championship six times (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1977). He came third in the USSR Chess Championship 1968/69, finished second behind Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky ( rus, Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский, Borís Vasíl'yevich Spásskiy; born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess grandmaster who was the tenth World Chess Champion, holding the title from 1969 ... at Wijk aan Zee 1967, was first at Dubna 1971, tied for first at Leipzig 1973 and came first at Albena 1976. According to Bill Wall, Lutikov committed suicide in 1989. References * Sosonko, Genna (2003), ''The Reliable Past'', New in Chess. . External links * 1933 births 1989 deaths Chess grandmasters Soviet chess players 20th-century chess players {{R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borislav Ivkov
Borislav Ivkov (12 November 1933 – 14 February 2022) was a Serbian chess Grandmaster. He was a World championship candidate in 1965, and played in four more Interzonal tournaments, in 1967, 1970, 1973, and 1979. Ivkov was a three-time Yugoslav Champion (1958 joint, 1963 joint, 1972) and was the first World Junior Champion in 1951. He represented Yugoslavia 12 times in Olympiad competition, from 1956 to 1980, and six times in European Team Championships. Ivkov won numerous top-class events during his career; notable tournament triumphs include Mar del Plata 1955, Buenos Aires 1955, Beverwijk 1961, Zagreb 1965, Sarajevo 1967, Amsterdam-IBM 1974, and Moscow 1999. For more than 15 years from the mid-1950s, he was the second-ranking Yugoslav player, after Svetozar Gligorić. He wrote an autobiography, ''My 60 Years in Chess''. National Master, World Junior Champion Ivkov earned his National Master title in 1949 at age 16, by placing shared 4th–7th in the Yugoslav Champi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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