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Semi-Closed Game
A Semi-Closed Game (or Semi-Closed Opening) is a chess opening in which White plays 1.d4 but Black does not make the symmetrical reply 1...d5. (The openings starting 1.d4 d5 are the Closed Games.) Important openings By far the most important category of the semi-closed openings are the ''Indian systems'', which begin 1.d4 Nf6. As these defenses have much in common and have a great deal more theory than all the remaining semi-closed openings put together, they are treated in a separate article; see Indian defense for details. The third most common response to 1.d4 (after 1...Nf6 and 1...d5) is 1...e6. 1...e6 rarely has independent significance, usually transposing to another opening, e.g. the Dutch Defense (2.c4 f5 or 2.Nf3 f5), French Defense (2.e4 d5), or Queen's Gambit Declined (2.c4 d5). Another possibility is 2.c4. 2...Bb4+ is the Keres Defence (also known as the Kangaroo Defence), which is fully playable, but also little independent significance, since it often transposes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Opening
A chess opening or simply an opening is the initial stage of a chess game. It usually consists of established theory; the other phases are the middlegame and the endgame. Many opening sequences have standard names such as the "Sicilian Defense". ''The Oxford Companion to Chess'' lists 1,327 named openings and variants, and there are many others with varying degrees of common usage. Opening moves that are considered standard are referred to as "book moves", or simply "book". When a game begins to deviate from known opening theory, the players are said to be "out of book". In some openings, "book" lines have been worked out for over 30 moves, as in the classical King's Indian Defense and in the Najdorf variation of the Sicilian Defense. Professional chess players spend years studying openings, and continue doing so throughout their careers, as opening theory continues to evolve. Players at the club level also study openings but the importance of the opening phase is smaller t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigel Short
Nigel David Short (born 1 June 1965) is an English chess grandmaster, columnist, coach, and commentator, who is the vice-president of FIDE since October 2018. Short earned the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, and was ranked third in the world by FIDE from July 1988 to July 1989. In 1993, he became the first English player to play a World Chess Championship match, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in the World Chess Championship 1993 in London, where Kasparov won 12½ to 7½. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1999 Birthday Honours for services to chess. Early life, family, and education Short was born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire. He is the second of three children (all boys) of David and Jean Short. His father was a journalist and his mother was a school secretary. He grew up in Atherton, going to St Philip's Primary School on Bolton Old Road. He studied at the independent Bolton School and Leigh College. He was a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimzowitsch Defence
The Nimzowitsch Defence (named after Aron Nimzowitsch) is a somewhat unusual chess opening characterised by the moves: :1. e4 Nc6 This opening is an example of a hypermodern opening in which Black invites White to occupy the of the board at an early stage with pawns. Black's intent is to block or otherwise restrain White's central pawns and, if allowed to do so by inaccurate play by White, eventually undermine the White pawn centre by well-timed pawn advances of their own or by attacking the white pieces defending the centre. World Champion Garry Kasparov and Grandmaster Raymond Keene wrote that it "has never been fully accepted as a dependable opening. Nevertheless it is sound and offers the maverick spirit a great deal of foreign territory to explore." The Nimzowitsch is included under code B00 in the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings''. Main line: 2.d4 White takes the initiative in the centre. Black's main continuations are 2...d5 or 2...e5. 2...d5 The line that Aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen's Knight Defense
The Queen's Knight Defense (also known as the Nimzowitsch Queen Pawn Defence, Bogoljubov– Mikenas Defense or Lundin Defense) is a chess opening defined by the moves: :1. d4 Nc6 Unless the game transposes to another opening, the ''Encyclopedia of Chess Openings'' code for the Queen's Knight Defense is A40. Discussion This opening was tried by some hypermodern players such as Aron Nimzowitsch and Efim Bogoljubov, but it has never become very popular. The move 1...Nc6 is a fairly committal move which blocks Black's c-pawn; usually Black delays playing it until White's setup is clear. Most games featuring 1.d4 Nc6 transpose to another opening. After 2.e4 the Nimzowitsch Defense arises. After 2.Nf3 d5 a variation of the Queen's Pawn Game is possible. After 2.c4 d5 the opening is a Chigorin Defense. There are some lines which are unique to 1.d4 Nc6, most importantly 2.d5 which chases the knight away, usually to e5. The opening resembles an Alekhine's Defence but on the opp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
István Csom
István Csom (2 June 1940 – 28 July 2021) was a Hungarian chess player who held the FIDE titles of Grandmaster and International Arbiter. FIDE awarded him the International Master title in 1967 and the Grandmaster title in 1973. He was Hungarian Champion in 1972 and 1973 (jointly). His tournament victories include Olot 1973, Cleveland 1975, Olot 1975, Pula Zonal 1975, Berlin 1979, Copenhagen 1983, Järvenpää 1985 and Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ... 1987. Csom was born in Sátoraljaújhely, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary. He played for the Hungarian team in seven Chess Olympiads (1968–1974, 1978–1982, 1986–1988), including the victorious team of 1978. Over the course of his career, Csom defeated many top Grandmasters, including Ulf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ljubomir Ljubojević
Ljubomir Ljubojević (; born November 2, 1950) is a Serbian chess grandmaster. He won the Yugoslav Chess Championship in 1977 (tied) and 1982. Life and career Ljubojević was born on 2 November 1950 in Titovo Užice, Yugoslavia (now Užice, Serbia). He was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1970 and the Grandmaster (GM) title in 1971. Ljubojević was Yugoslav champion in 1977 (jointly) and 1982. He won the 1974 Canadian Open Chess Championship. In 1983 he was ranked third in the Elo rating list, but he never succeeded in reaching the Candidates Tournament stage of the World Championship. He played for Yugoslavia in twelve Chess Olympiads, nine times on , with an overall result of 63.5% (+66−22=75). He won an individual gold medal on third board at Skopje 1972 and three bronze medals (one individual and two team). Ljubojević tied for first place with Robert Hübner at Linares 1985. He has defeated almost every top grandmaster active during his career, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Spassky
Boris Vasilievich Spassky ( rus, Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский, Borís Vasíl'yevich Spásskiy; born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess grandmaster who was the tenth World Chess Champion, holding the title from 1969 to 1972. Spassky played three world championship matches: he lost to Tigran Petrosian in 1966; defeated Petrosian in 1969 to become world champion; then lost to Bobby Fischer in a famous match in 1972. Spassky won the Soviet Chess Championship twice outright (1961, 1973), and twice lost in playoffs (1956, 1963), after tying for first place during the event proper. He was a World Chess Championship candidate on seven occasions (1956, 1965, 1968, 1974, 1977, 1980 and 1985). In addition to his candidates wins in 1965 and 1968, Spassky reached the semi-final stage in 1974 and the final stage in 1977. Spassky immigrated to France in 1976, becoming a French citizen in 1978. He continued to compete in tournaments but was no longer a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Defense
The Polish Defense is the name commonly given to one of several sequences of chess opening moves characterized by an early ...b5 by Black. The name "Polish Defense" is given by analogy to the Polish Opening, 1.b4. The original line was :1. d4 b5 as played by Alexander Wagner, a Polish player and openings analyst, against Kuhn in the 1913 Swiss Correspondence Championship. Wagner published an analysis of the opening in ''Deutsches Wochenschach'' in 1914, when he was living in Stanislau, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). Later the name was also applied to :1. d4 Nf6 :2. Nf3 b5 and other variants where Black delays playing ...b5 until the second or third move, which are sometimes called the Polish Defense Deferred. Details With ...b5, Black tries to take control of c4, but 1.d4 b5 is generally considered dubious after 2.e4, threatening 3.Bxb5. ''Modern Chess Openings'' (''MCO-14'', 1999) allots two columns to the Polish, commenting that the variants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wade Defence
The Wade Defence is a chess opening characterised by the initial moves: :1. b:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4, d4 b:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d6, d6 :2. b:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d6/2. Nf3, Nf3 b:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d6/2. Nf3/2...Bg4, Bg4 The position can also arise from the Glossary of chess#Move order, move order 1.Nf3 d6 2.d4 Bg4. History The opening is named after Great Britain, British International Master, IM Robert Wade (chess player), Bob Wade (1921–2008), originally from New Zealand, who played it for over 30 years. A number of Grandmaster (chess), grandmasters have often played the opening, including Julian Hodgson, Michael Adams (chess player), Michael Adams, Vlastimil Jansa, and Tony Miles. Jouni Yrjölä and Jussi Tella, in their book ''An Explosive Chess Opening Repertoire for Black'', state that the opening: [...] was played in 1938 by Rudolf Spielmann and used in the 1960s by Leonid Stein, Stein and Lubomir Kavalek, Kavalek among others ... Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philidor's Defense
The Philidor Defence (or Philidor's Defence) is a chess opening characterised by the moves: :1. e4 e5 :2. Nf3 d6 The opening is named after the famous 18th-century player François-André Danican Philidor, who advocated it as an alternative to the common 2...Nc6. His original idea was to challenge White's by the pawn thrust ...f7–f5. Today, the Philidor is known as a but passive choice for Black, and is seldom seen in top-level play except as an alternative to the heavily analysed openings that can ensue after the normal 2...Nc6. It is considered a good opening for amateur players who seek a defensive strategy that is simpler and easier to understand than the complex positions that result from an opening such as the French Defence. The ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' code for Philidor Defence is C41. Use The Philidor occurred in one of the most famous games ever played, "The Opera Game" played in 1858 between the American chess master Paul Morphy and two strong a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirc Defense
The Pirc Defence (pronounced ) is a chess opening characterised by the response of Black to 1.e4 with 1...d6 and 2...Nf6, followed by ...g6 and ...Bg7, while allowing White to establish a with pawns on d4 and e4. It is named after the Slovenian grandmaster Vasja Pirc. The Pirc Defence is usually defined by the opening sequence :1. e4 d6 :2. d4 Nf6 :3. Nc3 g6 This is the most commonly played line after Black responds to 1.e4 with 1...d6. It has been claimed to give rise to somewhat interesting and exciting games, where Black will have but has to be cautious about playing too passively. According to Garry Kasparov, the Pirc Defence is "hardly worth using in the tournaments of the highest category", as it gives White "too many opportunities for anybody's liking". Description The Pirc Defence is a relatively new opening; while it was seen on occasion in the late nineteenth century, it was considered irregular, thus remaining a sideline. The opening began gaining some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Indian Defense
The Old Indian Defense is a chess opening defined by the moves: :1. d4 Nf6 :2. c4 d6 This opening is distinguished from the King's Indian Defense in that Black develops their on e7 rather than by fianchetto on g7. Mikhail Chigorin pioneered this defense late in his career. The Old Indian is considered sound, though developing the bishop at e7 is less than the fianchetto, and it has never attained the popularity of the King's Indian. Some King's Indian players will use the Old Indian to avoid certain anti-King's Indian systems, such as the Sämisch and Averbakh Variations. The opening is classified in the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings'' with the codes A53–A55. Main line: 3.Nc3 e5 The Main line is 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. e4; White can also play 4.dxe5 dxe5 5.Qxd8+, but despite the displacement of Black's king, this has long been known to offer no advantage, e.g. 5...Kxd8 6.Nf3 Nfd7, with Black often following up with some combination of ...c6, ...Kd8–c7, .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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