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Selim III Giray
Selim III Gerai (Giray) ( Crimean III Selim Geray 1713–1786, ٣ سليم كراى ;) - Crimean khan from the Gerai dynasty (1765–1767, 1770–71), son of Khan Fetih II Giray, grandson of Devlet II Giray. Life Under Arslan Giray Arslan Giray (reigned 1748–1756 and 1767, lived 1692–1768) was twice khan of the Crimean khanate. He was the second son of Devlet II Giray (1699). His son was Devlet IV Giray (1769) and his grandson was the historian Halim Giray. Two of his ... (1748–1756) he held the post of kalgi. The reign of Selim III Geray brought about major changes in the life of the Crimean Khanate. Reigning for the first time, Selim III convinced the Ottoman Sultan of the need to conclude peace with Austria for a joint confrontation between Russia, but was soon deprived of the khan's rank. In the first reign, Selim III Gerai appointed his brothers Mehmed Gerai and Kyrim Gerai as kalga and nureddin. In the second reign, Selim III appointed the kalga of his brother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Crimean Khans
This is a list of khans of the Crimean Khanate, a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine from 1441 until 1783. Crimean Tatars, although not a part of the Ukrainian Ethnic group, ethnos, are deeply interconnected, having ruled a large part of modern History of Ukraine, Ukraine over the span of 300 years. The position of Khan in Crimea was electoral and was picked by beys from four of the most noble families (also known as Qarachi beys: Argyns, Kipchaks, Shirins, and Baryns) at kurultai where the decision about a candidate was adopted.Giray - Khan dynasty of Crimea Khan's Palace website (unavailable currently). The newly elected Khan was raised on a white felt sheet and over him were read Islamic prayers, after that the Khan was triumphantly enthroned. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qırım Giray
Khan Qırım Giray (1717–1769) was one of the most influential rulers of the Crimean Khanate. He was the patron of the Bakhchisaray Fountain and many Mosques throughout Crimea, and is also known to have extended the Bakhchisaray Palace. Reign Qırım Giray's first reign lasted (1758–1764), he gathered a large army in Căușeni and prepared to invade Poland after some Tatar merchants were robbed, some of his forces managed to raid and pillage a few important Polish strongholds. Poland agreed to pay indemnity to him and the conflict ended. Qırım Giray intended to wage war against Stanisław August Poniatowski, who was placed as ruler of Poland by Catherine II but was halted by the Ottoman Empire and was deposed by his nephew Selim III Giray, but regained power after the reign of Maqsud Giray. Qırım Giray's second reign lasted from (1768–1769), he once again gathered a large army in Căușeni consisting of Tatars, Ottomans and Polish allies and invaded the Russian held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arslan Giray
Arslan Giray (reigned 1748–1756 and 1767, lived 1692–1768) was twice khan of the Crimean khanate. He was the second son of Devlet II Giray (1699). His son was Devlet IV Giray (1769) and his grandson was the historian Halim Giray. Two of his brothers were khans ( Fetih II Giray (1736) and Qırım Giray (1758)). He was said to be noble, brave and respected by his subjects. His name means 'lion'. In 1735–36 he was nureddin under his uncle Qaplan I Giray at the time of the first Russian invasion. In 1736–37 he was kalga under his brother Fetih II Giray at the time of the second Russian invasion. The next khans were 1737: Meñli II Giray, 1740 Selâmet II Giray, 1743: Selim II Giray. First reign 1748–1756 He was enthroned in May/June 1748. His kalga was Selim, a son of Fetih II. His nureddin was his brother and future khan Qırım Giray. Qirim was later replaced by Maksud, a son of Selyamet II. He continued to rebuild Crimea following the Russian invasions of 1736–173 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaplan II Giray
Qaplan II Giray, Qalpan Khan Girai II (1739–1771) was a Crimean khan of the late 18th century. Biography Qaplan ruled from 1769 to 1770, a very brief reign. During his time as khan of the Crimean Khanate, he negotiated with the Russian Empire for Crimean independence. Qaplan fought against Russia in the Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histo ... for his entire reign, and died in 1771. References The Crimean Tatars by Alan W. Fisher Crimean Khans [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahib II Giray
Sahib or Saheb (; ) is an Arabic title meaning 'companion'. It was historically used for the first caliph Abu Bakr in the Quran. The title is still applied to the caliph by Sunni Muslims. As a loanword, ''Sahib'' has passed into several languages, including Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Crimean Tatar, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pashto, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Rohingya and Somali. During medieval times, it was used as a term of address, either as an official title or an honorific. Now, in South and Central Asia, it's almost exclusively used to give respect to someone higher or lower. For example, drivers are commonly addressed as ''sahib'' in South Asia and so on. The honorific has largely been replaced with ''sir''. Some shorten ''sahib'' to saab. Derived non-ruling princes' titles Sahibzada ''Sahibzada'' is a princely style or title equivalent to, or referring to a young prince. This derivation using the Persian suffix ''-zada(h)'', liter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giray Dynasty
The House of Giray ( crh3, Geraylar, كرايلر, ota, آل جنكيز, Âl-i Cengiz, lit=Genghisids), also Girays, were the Genghisid/ Turkic dynasty that reigned in the Khanate of Crimea from its formation in 1431 until its downfall in 1783. The dynasty also supplied several khans of Kazan and Astrakhan between 1521 and 1550. Apart from the royal Girays, there was also a lateral branch, the Choban Girays (''Çoban Geraylar''). Before reaching the age of majority, young Girays were brought up in one of the Circassian tribes, where they were instructed in the arts of war. The Giray Khans were elected by other Crimean Tatar dynasts, called myrzas (''mırzalar''). They also elected an heir apparent, called the qalgha sultan (''qalğa sultan''). In later centuries, the Ottoman Sultan obtained the right of installing and deposing the khans at his will. Their early ancestor was Togay Timur (Tuqa Timur), a younger son of Jochi. The story of the Girays begin with Öreng Timur, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fetih II Giray
Fetih II Geray (reigned 1736-1737, lived 1696-1746) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. During his brief reign Russia invaded Crimea for the second time. He was the eldest son of Devlet II Giray, one of the Selim I Giray#His sons, six brothers who held the khanship for most of the period 1699-1743. His son was future khan Selim III Giray. His brothers were future khans Arslan Giray and Qırım Giray. During the third reign of his uncle and predecessor Qaplan I Giray he was nureddin until 1735 when he became kalga on the death of Adil Giray. In 1733 or 1734 he led a raid across to the Caspian Sea. In the summer of 1736 Russia invaded Crimea for the first time and burned the capital, for which Qaplan was removed. Reign He became khan around August or September 1736. The Turks made him khan because of his success in 1734 and possibly because of connections in the Ottoman court. As kalga and nureddin he appointed his brothers Arslan and Mahmud. Since Bakhchisarai had been burned he e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vize
Vize ( el, Βιζύη, bg, Виза) is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The district governor is Elif Canan Tuncer, and the mayor is Ercan Özalp ( CHP). According to the Turkish Statistical Institute's 2020 data, the population of the town was 14,990 and of the district 28.606. The town's distance to the provincial centre is . Vize is situated on state road D.020, which runs from Istanbul to Edirne via Kırklareli. In 2012 Vize was designated a Cittaslow (Slow City). History Antiquity Under the ancient name of Bizya or Bizye ( grc, Βιζύη) Vize served as a capital for the ancient Thracian tribe of the Asti, and was mentioned by several ancient authors. From inscriptions it seems that during the late 1st century BCE Bizye was under local rule of the Sapians rather than under direct Roman control. The martyrs Memnon and Severos were killed in Bizye as part of the Diocletianic Persecution beginning in 303. In 353 CE, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devlet II Giray
Devlet II Giray (1648–1718) was Khan of the Crimean Khanate from 1699 to 1702 and from 1709 to 1713. His eldest son was Selim II Giray. First Rule (1699–1702) Selim I Giray, after his retirement in 1699, recommended Devlet II Giray Khan to the post who was confirmed in the rank of Khan by the Ottoman Empire. In the early years of his reign, he faced a conflict that broke out between his brothers and Kalga Nureddin for important positions within the Khanate. One participant in the dispute, Goran Gaza, fled to Bujak and there gathered around himself rebellious Nogays that had intended to leave the subordination of the Crimea. This rebellion was suppressed by Devlet II Giray. Soon Khan had difficulties with foreign states. The Ottoman Empire, which signed peace treaty with Moscow, ignored all the warnings of the Khan, who reported on the plans of Peter I of Russia to continue to wage war in the south. Devlet II Giray tried to organize an army against the will of the Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalga (title)
Kalga ( uk, Калга russian: Калга crh3, qalğa, قالغا ar, كالغا tr, kalgay ka, კალგა) was the highest ranked official after the khan in the hierarchy of the Crimean Khanate. The title of kalga was introduced Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate (1532-1774): With Special Reference to the Reign of Murad Giray (1678-1683), by Natalia Królikowska-Jedlińska, 2018, publisher BRILL, ISBN 9004384324, 9789004384323 in 1486 by Meñli I Giray for his son Mehmed Geray in order to establish a firm order of succession to the throne. Prior to that, power in the Golden Horde was inherited by a senior member of the khan's family, which led to endless strife. This may have been Mengli's intention, but in later reigns the khanship usually went to one of the khan's relatives without much regard to who had been kalga. The khan, kalga and nureddin were always members of the Giray clan. From an early date the khans were confirmed by the Ottoman Sultan. Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1713 Births
Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take refuge in Fort Reading, on the Pamlico River. * February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire. * February 4 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia under Colonel James Moore leaves Fort Reading, to continue the campaign against the Tuscarora. * February 25 – Frederick William I of Prussia begins his reign. * March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock. * March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka. * March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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