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Self-experimentation
Self-experimentation refers to the special case of single-subject research in which the experimenter conducts the experiment on themselves. Usually this means that a single person is the designer, operator, subject, analyst, and user or reporter of the experiment. Also referred to as Personal science or N-of-1 research, self-experimentation is an example of citizen science, since it can also be led by patients or people interested in their own health and well-being, as both research subjects and self-experimenters. Current pioners and practitioners of self-experimentation include the late Seth Roberts, Tim Ferriss, and a sprawling community of Quantified Self. Biology and medicine Human scientific self-experimentation principally (though not necessarily) falls into the fields of medicine and psychology. Self-experimentation has a long and well-documented history in medicine which continues to the present day. For example, after failed attempts to infect piglets in 1984, Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seth Roberts
Seth Roberts (August 17 1953 - April 26 2014) was a professor of psychology at Tsinghua University in Beijing and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the author of the bestselling book ''The Shangri-La Diet'',Dubner and Levit"Does the Truth Lie Within? The Accidental Diet" September 11, 2005. on SethRoberts.net and a prolific blogger. He was well known for his work in which led to many discoveries, including his diet, multiple publications and a popular blog.Frauenfelder, Mar Seth Rober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Science
Personal science is a term used by the late psychologist and scientist Seth Roberts, who defined it as: "''using science to solve your own problems''". Associated fields are self-experimentation, citizen science. The concept has been further developed within the Quantified Self community. The first use of the term in a scientific publication was in 2016, where it was associated with: "''an interest in collecting data about their own bodies or lives in order to obtain insights into their everyday health or performance".'' In 2017, the scientific journal Methods of Information in Medicine published a focus theme on single subject (N-of-1) research design, which also included personal science. The editorial introducing the focus theme is titled "''Single Subject (N-of-1) Research Design, Data Processing, and Personal Science"'' is co-authored by Gary Wolf, who together with Kevin Kelly coined the phrase ''the quantified self''. In the editorial, personal science was described as "''sel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Dalziel
Charles Dalziel (1904–1986) was a professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences at UC Berkeley. According to volume 54 of UCB's Blue and Gold, Dalziel graduated with a Mechanics degree in 1927 and was from Santa Maria, CA. He was a member of: Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, De Molay Club (VP), and Engineers Council. He studied the effects of electricity on animals and humans. He wrote ''The Effects of Electric Shock on Man'', a book in which he explains the effects of different amounts of electricity on human subjects. He also invented the ground-fault circuit interrupter or GFCI in 1961. The GFCI is commonly found in home bathrooms or kitchens. The device operates normally until 5 milliamps passes from the appliance to ground. Charles Dalziel was a pioneer in understanding electric shock in humans. Dalziel married Helen Bradford in 1931. They had a daughter, Isabelle. After Helen died of cancer in 1963, Charles married Alice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantified Self
The quantified self refers both to the cultural phenomenon of self-tracking with technology and to a community of users and makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in "self-knowledge through numbers". Quantified self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging and other trends that incorporate technology and data acquisition into daily life, often with the goal of improving physical, mental, and emotional performance. The widespread adoption in recent years of wearable fitness and sleep trackers such as the Fitbit or the Apple Watch, combined with the increased presence of Internet of things in healthcare and in exercise equipment, have made self-tracking accessible to a large segment of the population. Other terms for using self-tracking data to improve daily functioning are auto-analytics, body hacking, self-quantifying, self-surveillance, sousveillance (recording of personal activity), and personal informatics. History According to Riphagen et al., the histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-subject Research
Single-subject research is a group of research methods that are used extensively in the experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis with both human and non-human participants. This research strategy focuses on one participant and tracks their progress in the research topic over a period of time. Single-subject research allows researchers to track changes in an individual over a large stretch of time instead of observing different people at different stages. This type of research can provide critical data in several fields, specifically psychology. It is most commonly used in experimental and applied analysis of behaviors. This research has been heavily debated over the years. Some believe that this research method is not effective at all while others praise the data that can be collected from it. Principal methods in this type of research are: A-B-A-B designs, Multi-element designs, Multiple Baseline designs, Repeated acquisition designs, Brief experimental desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Librium
Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs. Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life but its active metabolite has a very long half-life. The drug has amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Chlordiazepoxide was patented in 1958 and approved for medical use in 1960. It was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesized and the discovery of chlordiazepoxide was by pure chance. Chlordiazepoxide and other benzodiazepines were initially accepted with widespread public approval but were followed with widespread public disapproval and recommendations for more restrictive medical guidelines for its use. Medical uses Chlordiazepoxide is indicated for the short-term (2–4 weeks) treatment of anxiety that is severe and disabling or subjecting the person to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclamate
Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), making it the least potent of the commercially used artificial sweeteners. It is often used with other artificial sweeteners, especially saccharin; the mixture of 10 parts cyclamate to 1 part saccharin is common and masks the off-tastes of both sweeteners. It is less expensive than most sweeteners, including sucralose, and is stable under heating. Safety concerns led to it being banned in a few countries, though the European Union considers it safe. Chemistry Cyclamate is the sodium or calcium Salt (chemistry), salt of cyclamic acid (cyclohexanesulfamic acid), which itself is prepared by reacting freebase cyclohexylamine with either sulfamic acid or sulfur trioxide. Prior to 1973, Abbott Laboratories produced sodium cyclamate (Sucaryl) by a mixture of ingredients including the addition of pure sodium (flakes or rods suspended in kerosene) with cyclohexylamine, chilled and filtered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. It is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with the trade names ''NutraSweet'', ''Equal'', and ''Canderel''. First submitted for approval as a food ingredient in 1974, aspartame was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Aspartame is one of the most rigorously tested food ingredients. Reviews by over 100 governmental regulatory bodies found the ingredient safe for consumption at current levels.Food Standards Australia New Zealand: , several reviews of clinical trials showed that using aspartame in place of sugar reduces calorie intake and body weight in adults and children. Uses Aspartame is around 180 to 200 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Due to this property, even though aspartame produces of energy per gram when metabolized, the quantity of aspartame ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Sternbach
Leo Sternbach (May 7, 1908 – September 28, 2005) was a Polish American chemist who is credited with first synthesizing benzodiazepines, the main class of tranquilizers. Background and family Sternbach was born on May 7, 1908, in Opatija, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, to an upper middle class Jewish family. He had a younger brother, Giusi. Ha-Kol (Glasilo Židovske zajednice u Hrvatskoj); Sanja Dukić; Povratak velikana u rodnu Opatiju; stranica 40, 41; broj 94, svibanj / lipanj 2006. His father Michael Abracham Sternbach was from the Polish city of Przemyśl in Galicia (then part of Austria-Hungary), and his mother Piroska (née Cohn) Sternbach was from Orosháza, Hungary. Sternbach's parents met and married in Opatija where they both lived. The family lived in modest conditions, in a rented four-room apartment on the third floor of the "Vila Jadran" (Villa Adriatic), near the pharmacy owned by Sternbach's father. Sternbach attended a private German school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips").Pollan, Michael (2018). ''How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence'' Sometimes, they are called classic hallucinogens, serotonergic hallucinogens, or serotonergic psychedelics, and the term ''psychedelics'' is used more broadly to include all hallucinogens; this article uses the narrower definition of ''psychedelics''. Psychedelics cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and often a substantially altered state of consciousness.Leary, Timothy; Metzner, Ralph (1964). ''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead'' Psychedelic states are often compared to meditative, psychodynamic or transcendental types of alterations of mind. The "classical" psychedelics, the psy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valium
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It can be taken by mouth, inserted into the rectum, injected into muscle, injected into a vein or used as a nasal spray. When given into a vein, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. By mouth, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes. Common side-effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. Serious side effects are rare. They include increased risk of suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy. Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur. Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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