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Securities Fraud Deterrence And Investor Restitution Act
The Securities Fraud Deterrence and Investor Restitution Act was (2003-2004) and is a bill currently on the Union Calendar. Its official titles as introduced, is ''To enhance the authority of the Securities and Exchange Commission to investigate, punish, and deter securities laws violations, and to improve its ability to return funds to defrauded investors, and for other purposes'' but was also known as the ''Securities Fraud Deterrence and Investor Restitution Act of 2003''. The bill is sponsored by representative Richard H. Baker and cosponsored by Rep. Sue W. Kelly, Rep. Doug Ose, Rep. Michael G. Oxley, Rep. David Scott, and Rep. Patrick J. Tiberi. A committee was assigned to H.R. 2179; the House Financial Services committee whose activity is referral, markup, reporting; and in the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance and Government-Sponsored Enterprises whose activity is referral, hearings, markup, reporting H.R. 2179 has been discharged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Calendar
The House Calendar is a calendar in the United States House of Representatives that schedules major bills which do not involve raising revenue or public expenditure of funds. The calendar can also be defined as a list of all bills reported from committee and eligible for floor action, except bills pertaining to taxation and spending. Union Calendar The Union Calendar is a separate calendar in the United States House of Representatives that schedules bills involving money issues. It arose from the requirement in Article One of the United States Constitution that all revenue bills originate in the House of Representatives. To meet that requirement, Rule XIII, clause 1(a) of the House Rules establishes A Calendar of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, to which shall be referred public bills and public resolutions raising revenue, involving a tax or charge on the people, directly or indirectly making appropriations of money or property or requiring such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securities Exchange Act Of 1934
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (, codified at et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law. Companies raise billions of dollars by issuing securities in what is known as the primary market. Contrasted with the Securities Act of 1933, which regulates these original issues, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the secondary trading of those securities between persons often unrelated to the issuer, frequently through brokers or dealers. Trillions of dollars are made and lost each year through t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraud Act 2006
The Fraud Act 2006 (c 35) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which affects England and Wales and Northern Ireland. It was given royal assent on 8 November 2006, and came into effect on 15 January 2007. Purpose The Act gives a statutory definition of the criminal offence of fraud, defining it in three classes - fraud by false representation, fraud by failing to disclose information, and fraud by abuse of position. It provides that a person found guilty of fraud was liable to a fine or imprisonment for up to twelve months on summary conviction (six months in Northern Ireland), or a fine or imprisonment for up to ten years on conviction on indictment. This Act largely replaces the laws relating to obtaining property by deception, obtaining a pecuniary advantage and other offences that were created under the Theft Act 1978. These offences attracted much criticism for their complexity and difficulty in proving at court. Much of the Theft Act 1978 has been repealed, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investor Education Fund Of The 2003
An investor is a person who allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital most of the time the investor purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets. That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns stock is a shareholder. Types of investors There are two types of investors: retail investors and institutional investors. Retail investor * Individual investors (including trusts on behalf of individuals, and umbrella companies formed by two or more to pool investment funds) * Angel investors (individuals and groups) * Sweat equity investor Ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Securities Markets Improvement Act Of 1996
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 is an amendment to United States federal securities laws in order to promote efficiency and capital formation in the financial markets, and to amend the Investment Company Act of 1940 to promote more efficient management of mutual funds, protect investors, and provide more effective and less burdensome regulation between states and the Federal Government. The law made substantial changes to the competing systems of securities regulation at the state and federal level. One of its provisions declares that any offering of a "covered security" (as defined within the act) is exempt from state registration and review. Covered securities include the following: * Nationally traded securities - for example, securities listed or authorized for listing on the NYSE or included or qualified for inclusion in Nasdaq; * Securities of a registered investment company (i.e., mutual funds); and * Offers and sales of certain exempt securitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underwriters
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter. History The term "underwriting" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose. Securities underwriting In the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Penalties
A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a Codification (law), codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine is not considered to be a Crime, criminal punishment, because it is primarily sought in order to compensate the state for harm done to it, rather than to punish the wrongful conduct. As such, a civil penalty, in itself, will not carry jail time or other legal penalties. For example, if a person were to dump toxic waste in a state park, the state would have the same right to seek to recover the cost of cleaning up the mess as would a private landowner, and to bring the complaint to a court of law, if necessary. Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a Legal burden of proof, burden of proof that is "beyond a reasonable doubt"; but because the action is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financial Institution
Financial institutions, sometimes called banking institutions, are business entities that provide services as intermediaries for different types of financial monetary transactions. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions: # Depository institutions – deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banks, building societies, credit unions, trust companies, and mortgage loan companies; # Contractual institutions – insurance companies and pension funds # Investment institutions – investment banks, underwriters, and other different types of financial entities managing investments. Financial institutions can be distinguished broadly into two categories according to ownership structure: * Commercial banks * Cooperative banks Some experts see a trend toward homogenisation of financial institutions, meaning a tendency to invest in similar areas and have similar business strategies. A consequence of this might ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investment Advisers Act Of 1940
The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, codified at through , is a United States federal law that was created to monitor and regulate the activities of investment advisers (also spelled "advisors") as defined by the law. It is the primary source of regulation of investment advisers and is administered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Overview The law provides in part: Contents *Section 201 Findings *Section 202(a) Definitions *Section 202(b) Governments Excepted *Section 203 Registration of Investment Advisers *Section 203A State and Federal Responsibilities *Section 204 Annual and Other Reports *Section 204A Prevention of Misuse of Nonpublic Information *Section 205 Investment Advisory Contracts *Section 206 Prohibited Transactions by Investment Advisers *Section 206A Exemptions *Section 207 Material Misstatements *Section 208 General Prohibitions *Section 209 Enforcement of Title *Section 210 Publicity *Rules, Regulations and Orders (Section 211) *Hearings (Sectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investment Company Act Of 1940
The Investment Company Act of 1940 (commonly referred to as the '40 Act) is an act of Congress which regulates investment funds. It was passed as a United States Public Law () on August 22, 1940, and is codified at . Along with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and extensive rules issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; it is central to financial regulation in the United States. It has been updated by the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. It is the primary source of regulation for mutual funds and closed-end funds, now a multi-trillion dollar investment industry. The 1940 Act also impacts the operations of hedge funds, private equity funds and even holding companies. History Following the founding of the mutual fund in 1924, investors invested in this new investment vehicle heavily. Five and a half years later, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred in the stock market, followed shortly thereafter by the United States entry into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Securities Act Of 1933
The Securities Act of 1933, also known as the 1933 Act, the Securities Act, the Truth in Securities Act, the Federal Securities Act, and the '33 Act, was enacted by the United States Congress on May 27, 1933, during the Great Depression and after the stock market crash of 1929. It is an integral part of United States securities regulation. It is legislated pursuant to the Interstate Commerce Clause of the Constitution. It requires every offer or sale of securities that uses the means and instrumentalities of interstate commerce to be registered with the SEC pursuant to the 1933 Act, unless an exemption from registration exists under the law. The term "means and instrumentalities of interstate commerce" is extremely broad and it is virtually impossible to avoid the operation of the statute by attempting to offer or sell a security without using an "instrumentality" of interstate commerce. Any use of a telephone, for example, or the mails would probably be enough to subject the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
