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Second Eastern Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Second Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''İkinci Şark Ordusu'') was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the initial phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. It was formed from units of reorganized Eastern Army on October 29, 1912. Order of battle October 29, 1912 On October 29, 1912, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 83. * Second Eastern Army HQ: Ferik Hamdi Pasha **III Corps (commanded by Mirliva Mahmud Muhtar Pasha Mahmud Muhtar Pasha ( tr, Mahmut Muhtar Paşa; 1867 – 15 March 1935), known as Mahmut Muhtar Katırcıoğlu since 1934, was an Ottoman-born Turkish military officer and diplomat, the son of the Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. Biography ...) ** VII Provisional Corps ** VIII Provisional Corps Sources Field armies of the Ottoman Empire Military units and format ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bulgaria
The Tsardom of Bulgaria ( bg, Царство България, translit=Tsarstvo Balgariya), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom ( bg, Трето Българско Царство, translit=Treto Balgarsko Tsarstvo, links=no), sometimes translated in English as Kingdom of Bulgaria ( bg, Крáлство България, Kralstvo Balgariya, links=no), was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October ( O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a Tsardom. Ferdinand, founder of the royal family, was crowned a Tsar at the Declaration of Independence, mainly because of his military plans and for seeking options for unification of all lands in the Balkans region with an ethnic Bulgarian majority (lands that had been seized from Bulgaria and given to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Berlin). The state was almost constantly at war throughout its existence, lending to its nickname as "the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The VIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: ''8 nci Kolordu'' ''or'' ''Sekizinci Kolordu'') was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century as part of the Ottoman military reforms. Formation Order of Battle, 1911 With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the VIII Corps was headquartered in Damascus. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 379. *VIII Corps, Damascus ** 25th Division, Dera ***73rd Infantry Regiment, Dera ***74th Infantry Regiment, Suveydiye ***75th Infantry Regiment, Kerek ***25th Rifle Battalion, Maan ***25th Division Band, Dera ** 26th Division, Halep ***76th Infantry Regiment, Halep ***77th Infantry Regiment, Maraş ***78th Infantry Regiment, Adana ***26th Rifle Battalion, Halep ***26th Field Artillery Regim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The VII Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''7 nci Kolordu'' ''or'' ''Yedinci Kolordu'') was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms. Formation Order of Battle, 1911 With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the VII Corps was headquartered in Üsküp. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 378. *VII Corps, Üsküp ** 19th Infantry Division, Üsküp ***55th Infantry Regiment, Kumanova ***56th Infantry Regiment, Kumanova *** 57th Infantry Regiment, Bilaç ve Berana ***19th Rifle Battalion, Üsküp ***19th Field Artillery Regiment, Üsküp ***19th Division Band, Üsküp ** 20th Infantry Division, Metroviça ***58th Infantry Regiment, Metroviça ***59th Infantry Regiment, Taşlıca ***60th Infa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Muhtar Pasha
Mahmud Muhtar Pasha ( tr, Mahmut Muhtar Paşa; 1867 – 15 March 1935), known as Mahmut Muhtar Katırcıoğlu since 1934, was an Ottoman-born Turkish military officer and diplomat, the son of the Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. Biography He was born in Constantinople and returned to the city in 1893 after seven years' military education in Germany. He was a participant in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, in spite of the prohibition by the Sultan. In 1910, he became Minister of Navy in Ibrahim Hakkı Pasha's cabinet and arranged the construction of the first Turkish dreadnought. He married Princess Nimetullah Khanum Effendi, a daughter of Isma'il Pasha and they had five children. At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, he went to the front, commanded the III Corps in the Battle of Kirk Kilisse , Battle of Lule Burgas and was severely wounded in the First Battle of Çatalca He wrote an account of his experiences in the Balkan War titled ''Why We Lost Rumelia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirliva
''Mirliva'' or ''Mîr-i livâ'' was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to a brigadier general (modern Turkish: ''Tuğgeneral'') in the modern Turkish Army. ''Mirliva'' is a compound word composed of ''Mir'' (commander) and ''Liva'' (or ''Liwa'', "brigade" in Arabic). , The rank was junior to the '' Ferik'' () and superior to the rank '' |
III Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''3üncü Kolordu'' ''or'' ''Üçüncü Kolordu'') was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms. Formation Order of Battle, 1911 With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the III Corps was headquartered in Kırk Kilise. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such: *III Corps, Kırk Kilise ** 7th Infantry Division, Kırk Kilise (Miralay Hilmi) ***19th Infantry Regiment, Yemen ***20th Infantry Regiment, Kırk Kilise ***21st Infantry Regiment, Tırnovacık ***7th Rifle Battalion, Yemen ***7th Field Artillery Regiment, Kırk Kilise ***7th Division Band, Kırk Kilise ** 8th Infantry Division, Çorlu (Mirliva Celâl Pasha) ***22nd Infantry Regiment, Çorlu ***23rd Infantry Regiment, Saray ***24th Infantry Regiment, Samakof ***8th Rifle Battalion, Çorlu ***8th Field Artil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''Şark Ordusu'') was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. On October 29, 1912, it was reorganized and renamed as the First Eastern Army (''Birinci Şark Ordusu''). Eastern Army Order of Battle, October 17, 1912 On October 17, 1912, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 83. * Eastern Army HQ (Kavaklı, commander: Ferik Kölemen Abdullah Pasha, chief of staff: Miralay Djevat Bey) **I Corps ** II Corps ** III Corps (commanded by Mirliva Mahmud Muhtar Pasha) ** IV Provisional Corps (commanded by Ferik Ahmed Abuk Pasha) ** VII Provisional Corps ** Adrianople Fortified Area Command (commanded by Ferik Mehmed Shukur Pasha) ** Kırcaali Detachment First Eastern Army On October 29, 1912, the army was structure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Greece, Greece and Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior (significantly superior by the end of the conflict) and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success. The war was a comprehensive and unmitigated disaster for the Ottomans, who lost 83% of their European territories and 69% of their European population. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Army
A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and within a navy the comparable notion is that of a fleet. A field army is composed of 300,000 to 600,000 troops. History Specific field armies are usually named or numbered to distinguish them from "army" in the sense of an entire national land military force. In English, the typical orthographic style for writing out the names field armies is word numbers, such as "First Army"; whereas corps are usually distinguished by Roman numerals (e.g. I Corps) and subordinate formations with ordinal numbers (e.g. 1st Division). A field army may be given a geographical name in addition to or as an alternative to a numerical name, such as the British Army of the Rhine, Army of the Potomac, Army of the Niemen or Aegean Army (also known as the Fourth Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years between 1300 (Byzantine expedition) and 1453 (Conquest of Constantinople), the classical period covers the years between 1451 (second enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II) and 1606 (Peace of Zsitvatorok), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 (Auspicious Incident, Vaka-i Hayriye), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 (enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz) and 1918 (Armistice of Mudros). The Ottoman army is the forerunner of the Turkish Armed Forces. Foundation period (1300–1453) The earliest form of the Ottoman military was a steppe-nomadic cavalry force.Mesut Uyar, Edward J. Erickson, ''A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Army
A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and within a navy the comparable notion is that of a fleet. A field army is composed of 300,000 to 600,000 troops. History Specific field armies are usually named or numbered to distinguish them from "army" in the sense of an entire national land military force. In English, the typical orthographic style for writing out the names field armies is word numbers, such as "First Army"; whereas corps are usually distinguished by Roman numerals (e.g. I Corps) and subordinate formations with ordinal numbers (e.g. 1st Division). A field army may be given a geographical name in addition to or as an alternative to a numerical name, such as the British Army of the Rhine, Army of the Potomac, Army of the Niemen or Aegean Army (also known as the Fourth Army ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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