Scratch Test (other)
A Scratch test may refer to: * The skin allergy test used in the medical diagnosis of allergies * Scratch hardness tests, such as Mohs scale of mineral hardness, used to measure the scratch resistance of various minerals * Liver scratch test, used by medical professionals to ascertain the location and size of a patient's liver during a physical assessment * ''Apley scratch test'', a medical test for limitations in motions of the upper extremity measured during a shoulder examination A shoulder examination (or shoulder exam) is a portion of a physical examination used to identify potential pathology involving the shoulder. It should be conducted with both shoulders exposed to assess for asymmetry and muscle wasting. Elements o ...

Skin Allergy Test
Skin allergy testing comprises a range of methods for medical diagnosis of allergies that attempts to provoke a small, controlled, allergic response. Methods A microscopic amount of an allergen is introduced to a patient's skin by various means: * ''Skin prick test'': pricking the skin with a needle or pin containing a small amount of the allergen. * ''Skin scratch test'': a deep dermic scratch is performed with help of the blunt bottom of a lancet. * ''Intradermic test'': a tiny quantity of allergen is injected under the dermis with a hypodermic syringe. * ''Skin scrape Test'': a superficial scrape is performed with help of the back of a needle to remove the superficial layer of the epidermis. * '' Patch test'': applying a patch to the skin, where the patch contains the allergen If an immuno-response is seen in the form of a rash, urticaria (hives), or anaphylaxis it can be concluded that the patient has a hypersensitivity (or allergy) to that allergen. Further testing can be ...
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Scratch Hardness
Scratch hardness refers to the hardness of a material in terms of resistance to scratches and abrasion by a harder material forcefully drawn over its surface. Scratch hardness test or scratch test refers to any of a number of methods of measuring scratch hardness. Resistance to abrasion is less affected by surface variations than indentation methods. Scratch hardness is measured with a sclerometer. Attempting to scratch a surface to test a material is a very old technique. The first ''scientific'' attempt to quantify materials by scratch tests was by mineralogist Friedrich Mohs in 1820 (see Mohs scale). The Mohs scale is based on relative scratch hardness of different materials; with talc assigned a value of 1 and diamond assigned a value of 10. Mohs's scale had two limitations: it was not linear, and most modern abrasives fall between 9 and 10.; so, later scientists attempted to increase resolution at the harder end of the scale. Raymond R. Ridgway, a research engineer at the Nor ...
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Liver Scratch Test
The liver scratch test is a technique used by medical professionals during a physical exam to locate the inferior border of the liver in order to approximate the size of a patient's liver. The technique was first credited to Burton-Opitz in 1925 where it was used to identify the cardiac silhouette, however there are references of similar techniques used prior to this. The liver scratch test can be used when other exam techniques used to approximate liver size are ineffective or unavailable and is thought to be most useful if the abdomen is distended, too tender for direct palpation, the abdominal muscles are too rigid, or the patient is obese. Technique The liver scratch test is a type of auscultatory percussion that uses the difference in sound transmission between solid and hollow organs in the abdominal cavity in order to locate the inferior edge of the liver. The test is most commonly performed by placing the stethoscope The stethoscope is a medical device for ausculta ...
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