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Scotoplanes Globosa
''Scotoplanes globosa,'' commonly known as the sea pig, is a species of sea cucumber that lives in the deep sea. It was first described by Hjalmar Théel, a Swedish scientist. ''Scotoplanes globosa'', along with numerous other sea cucumbers were discovered by Théel during an expedition on between the years of 1873-1876. ''Scotoplanes globosa'' was officially described in 1882, 6 to 9 years after its first sighting. ''Scotoplanes globosa'' is most closely related to the genus '' Peniagone''. Ecology Congregations of smaller ''Scotoplanes globosa'' are often observed on the ocean floor in groups of 10 to 30. However, groups of ''Scotoplanes globosa'' have been observed to be as many as 600 individuals in one congregation. A congregation of ''Scotoplanes globos''a is called a "trawl". These groups of ''Scotoplanes globosa'' often appear to all be facing in one direction, into the ocean current. It is believed that this behavior aids ''S. globosa'' in the detection of the richest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotoplanes
''Scotoplanes'' is a genus of deep-sea sea cucumbers of the family Elpidiidae. Its species are commonly known as sea pigs. Locomotion Members of the Elpidiidae have particularly enlarged tube "feet" that have taken on a leg-like appearance, using water cavities within the skin to inflate and deflate thereby causing the appendages to move. These appendages are different from the normal tube feet of the broader order of Elasipodida due the replacement of ampullae with dermal cavities to account for the larger size of the Elpidiidae tube feet. ''Scotoplanes'' move through the top layer of seafloor sediment and disrupt both the surface and the resident infauna as it feeds. This type of movement is thought to be an adaptation to life on the soft floor of the deep-sea. These creatures, however, are able to swim when disturbed. Some species of ''Scotoplanes'' are benthopelagic and spend plenty of time in the water column. A frontal lobe as well as two anal lobes propel the sea pig throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Cucumber
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothurian () species worldwide is about 1,717, with the greatest number being in the Asia-Pacific region. Many of these are gathered for human consumption and some species are cultivated in aquaculture systems. The harvested product is variously referred to as '' trepang'', ''namako'', ''bêche-de-mer'', or ''balate''. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as they help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter, after which bacteria can continue the decomposition process. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. In some species these can sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Hjalmar Théel
Johan Hjalmar Théel (14 June 1848 – 20 July 1937) was a Swedish zoologist and university professor. Early life Théel was born on 14 June 1848 in Säter, Sweden. He used to go on hunting trips along the coast of Norway in his youth and became fascinated by the plants and animals he encountered, especially the marine life. He met the zoologist Sven Ludvig Lovén who sparked his interest in sipunculid or peanut worms, especially the genus '' Phascolion''. He studied at Uppsala University and ''Phascolion'' was the subject for his thesis, written in 1875. He was also an artist and included his own illustrations in his published articles. In 1875, he accompanied the explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld to the mouth of the Yenisei River in an attempt to find the Northeast Passage. He joined him on a similar voyage the following year and discovered a sea cucumber new to science, which he named ''Elpidia glacialis''. He was inducted into the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peniagone
''Peniagone'' is a genus of deep-sea sea cucumbers in the family Elpidiidae. ''Peniagone wyvillii'' is the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Peniagone'': *'' Peniagone affinis'' Théel, 1882 *'' Peniagone anamesa'' (Clark, 1920) *'' Peniagone azorica'' Marenzeller von, 1892 *'' Peniagone challengeri'' Théel, 1882 *'' Peniagone coccinea'' Rogacheva & Gebruk in Rogacheva et al., 2013 *'' Peniagone crozeti'' Cross & Gebruk in Cross et al., 2009 *'' Peniagone diaphana'' (Théel, 1882) *'' Peniagone dubia'' (D'yakonov & Savel'eva in D'yakonov et al, 1958) *'' Peniagone elongata'' (Théel, 1879) *'' Peniagone ferruginea'' Grieg, 1921 *'' Peniagone gracilis'' (Ludwig, 1894) *'' Peniagone herouardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stilapex
''Stilapex'' is a genus of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Eulimidae Eulimidae is a family of very small parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Vanikoroidea. Description These small parasitic snails live on (or in some cases in) the bodies of echinoderms such as sea cucumbers, sea .... Species Species within the genera ''Stilapex'' include: *'' Stilapex cookeanus'' Bartsch, 1917 *'' Stilapex eburnea'' Schepman & Nierstrasz, 1909 *'' Stilapex lactarius'' Iredale, 1925 ( Type taxon) *'' Stilapex montrouzieri'' Souverbie, 1869 *'' Stilapex ophiuraphila'' Habe, 1976 *'' Stilapex parva'' Schepman, 1909 *'' Stilapex polaris'' Hedley, 1916 *'' Stilapex suzuki'' Habe, 1991 *'' Stilapex teremachii'' Habe, 1958 *'' Stilapex thielei'' Sturany, 1903 *'' Stilapex zebra'' Habe, 1976 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Stilapex cookeana'' ic: synonym of ''Stilapex cookeanus'' (Bartsch, 1917) * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crinolamia
''Crinolamia'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eulimidae.Warén, 1979. Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213 (look up in IMIS). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ... at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137962 on 2013-01-06 Species The species within this genus include the following: * '' Crinolamia angustispira'' (Bouchet & Warén, 1986) * '' Crinolamia dahli'' (Bouchet & Warén, 1979) * '' Crinolamia edwardiensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolithodes
''Neolithodes'' is a genus of king crabs, in the family Lithodidae. They are found in all major oceans, both in high and low latitudes. Although there are records from water as shallow as in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typically , with the deepest confirmed at . They are fairly large to large crabs that typically are reddish in color and spiny, although the size of these spines varies depending on species (from long in species like '' N. grimaldii'' to very short in species like ''N. flindersi'', and tending to be more pronounced in small than in large individuals). Various sessile organisms such as barnacles are sometimes attached to their carapace and legs, and small commensal amphipods may live in their carapace. They are occasionally the victims of parasitic snailfish of the genus '' Careproctus'', which lay their egg mass in the gill chamber of the crab, forming a mobile "home" until they hatch. Conversely, some juvenile ''Neolithodes'' have a commensal r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis. For example, plants produce gametes through mitosis in gametophytes. The gametophytes grow from haploid spores after sporic meiosis. The existence of a multicellular, haploid phase in the life cycle between meiosis and gametogenesis is also referred to as alternation of generations. It is the biological process of gametogenesis; cells that are haploid or diploid divide to create other cells. matured haploid gametes. It can take place either through mitosis or meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into different depending on an organism's biological life cycle, gametes. For instance, gametophytes in plants undergo mitosis to produce gametes. Both male and female have diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermadec Trench
The Kermadec Trench is a linear ocean trench in the south Pacific Ocean. It stretches about from the Louisville Seamount Chain in the north (26°S) to the Hikurangi Plateau in the south (37°S), north-east of New Zealand's North Island. Together with the Tonga Trench to the north, it forms the -long, near-linear Kermadec-Tonga subduction system, which began to evolve in the Eocene when the Pacific Plate started to subduct beneath the Australian Plate. Convergence rates along this subduction system are among the fastest on Earth, /yr in the north and /yr in the south. Geology The Kermadec Trench is one of Earth's deepest oceanic trenches, reaching a depth of . Formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate, it runs parallel with and to the east of the Kermadec Ridge and island arc. The Tonga Trench marks the continuation of subduction to the north. The Kermadec Trench has a southern continuation in the turbidite-filled Hikurangi Trough, but a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Trench
The Philippine Trench (also Philippine Deep, Mindanao Trench, and Mindanao Deep) is a submarine trench to the east of the Philippines. The trench is located in the Philippine sea of the western North Pacific Ocean and continues NNW-SSE. It has a length of approximately and a width of about from the center of the Philippine island of Luzon trending southeast to the northern Maluku island of Halmahera in Indonesia. At its deepest point, the trench reaches 10,540 meters (34,580 ft or 5,760 fathoms). Immediately to the north of the Philippine Trench is the East Luzon Trench. They are separated, with their continuity interrupted and displaced, by Benham Plateau on the Philippine Sea Plate. Information The Philippine trench is hypothesized to be younger than 8–9 million years old. The central part of the Philippine fault formed during the Plio-Pleistocene times is considered to be an active depression of the Earth's crust. The trench formed from a coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galathea Expeditions
The ''Galathea'' expeditions comprise a series of three Danish ship-based scientific research expeditions in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, carried out with material assistance from the Royal Danish Navy and, with regard to the second and third expeditions, under the auspices of the Danish Expedition Foundation. All three expeditions circumnavigated the world from west to east and followed similar routes. First expedition Preparations The first ''Galathea'' Expedition took place from 1845 to 1847 and had political and scientific objectives. It was initiated by the King of Denmark, Christian VIII, with its main purposes the handover of the Danish colonies in India, following their sale to the British East India Company, as well as a final Danish attempt to explore and recolonise the Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. Additional aims were the expansion of trade with China and the discovery of new trading opportunities, as well as making extensive scientific collections.B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elpidiidae
Elpidiidae is a family of deep-sea sea cucumbers. They have a translucent body with long and stout podia acting like legs. The mouth is surrounded by thick and short oral tentacles, and the dorsal part often shows pairs of elongated podia as well, pointing upwards. Some species can also show swimming appendages on top of the mouth. Sea pigs live in the darkest parts of the ocean. When introduced to warm waters, their bodies disintegrate, making them vulnerable to sudden heat changes. Genera The following genera are recognised in the family Elpidiidae: *'' Achlyonice'' Théel, 1879 *'' Amperima'' Pawson, 1965 *'' Ellipinion'' Hérouard, 1923 *'' Elpidia'' Théel, 1876 *'' Irpa'' Danielssen & Koren, 1878 *''Kolga'' Danielssen & Koren, 1879 *'' Peniagone'' Théel, 1882 *'' Penilpidia'' Gebruk, 1988 *'' Protelpidia'' Gebruk, 1983 *'' Psychrelpidia'' Hérouard, 1923 *'' Psychroplanes'' Gebruk, 1988 *'' Rhipidothuria'' Hérouard, 1901 *''Scotoplanes'' Théel, 1882 Image:Unidentifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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