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Scanning, Analysis, Response, And Assessment
Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA) is a problem-solving process used in problem-oriented policing. It is one of the most popular methods in problem-oriented policing. History SARA was first proposed in 1987 by John E. Eck and William Spelman of the Police Executive Research Forum. Police interventions based on SARA increased as a result of the broken windows theory of crime first proposed in the 1980s. Method SARA consists of four stages: *Scanning: The officer identifies an issue and determines if it represents a problem that needs to be addressed. *Analysis: The officer collects information about the problem from various sources to understand the causes and scope of the problem. *Response: The officer uses the information to create and implement and response. *Assessment: The response's effectiveness is evaluated. Results of the assessment can be used to inform to revise the response in the future. Eck and Spelman identified the "Analysis" stage as the most im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Problem-oriented Policing
Problem-oriented policing (POP), coined by University of Wisconsin–Madison professor Herman Goldstein, is a policing strategy that involves the identification and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems, in order to develop effective response strategies. POP requires police to identify and target underlying problems that can lead to crime. Goldstein suggested it as an improvement on the reactive, incident-driven “standard model of policing”. Goldstein's 1979 model was expanded in 1987 by John E. Eck and William Spelman into the Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA) model for problem solving.Center for Problem Oriented Policing - What is POP? This strategy places more emphasis on |
Police Executive Research Forum
The Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) is a national membership organization of police executives primarily from the largest city, county and state law enforcement agencies in the United States. The organization is dedicated to improving policing and advancing professionalism through research and involvement in public policy debate. Since its founding in 1976 with support and funding from the Police Foundation, it has fostered debate, research and an openness to challenging traditional police practices. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. PERF members must have completed a 4-year college degree program. Established in 1976, PERF's primary sources of operating revenues are tuition payments for educational programs, grants from private and nonprofit organizations, membership dues, and government contracts. Since 2014, PERF has focused on developing policies and training programs to minimize police use of lethal force, particularly in situations involving persons with ment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broken Windows Theory
In criminology, the broken windows theory states that visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder, including serious crimes. The theory suggests that policing methods that target minor crimes such as vandalism, loitering, public drinking, jaywalking, and fare evasion help to create an atmosphere of order and lawfulness. The theory was introduced in a 1982 article by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. It was popularized in the 1990s by New York City police commissioner William Bratton and mayor Rudy Giuliani, whose policing policies were influenced by the theory. The theory became subject to debate both within the social sciences and the public sphere. Broken windows policing has been enforced with controversial police practices, such as the high use of stop-and-frisk in New York City in the decade up to 2013. In response, Bratton and Kelling have written that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
