Saxifraga Svalbardensis
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Saxifraga Svalbardensis
''Saxifraga svalbardensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae, endemic to Svalbard. It arose, probably after the end of the last ice age, as a hybrid between ''Saxifraga rivularis ''Saxifraga rivularis'' is a species of saxifrage known by several common names, including highland saxifrage, weak saxifrage, alpine brook saxifrage, and pygmy saxifrage. Distribution ''Saxifraga rivularis'' is native to the northern parts of t ...'' (the seed parent) and '' S.cernua'' (the pollen parent). References svalbardensis Flora of Svalbard Plants described in 1975 {{Saxifragaceae-stub ...
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Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus ''Saxifraga''. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America. Description Species are herbaceous perennials (rarely annual or biennial), sometimes succulent or xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence stems. They are usually simple, rarely pinnately or palmately compound. Their margins may be entire, deeply lobed, cleft, crenate or dentate and petiolate with stipules. The inflorescences are b ...
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Svalbard
Svalbard ( , ), also known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen, followed by Nordaustlandet and . The largest settlement is Longyearbyen. The islands were first used as a base by the whalers who sailed far north in the 17th and 18th centuries, after which they were abandoned. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent communities were established. The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty, and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. They also established Svalbard as a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone. The Norwegian Store Norske and the Russian remain the only mining companies in place. Res ...
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Saxifraga Rivularis
''Saxifraga rivularis'' is a species of saxifrage known by several common names, including highland saxifrage, weak saxifrage, alpine brook saxifrage, and pygmy saxifrage. Distribution ''Saxifraga rivularis'' is native to the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, where it has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the Arctic and into the alpine climates of mountainous temperate areas, such as the Sierra Nevada in California. It also occurs in the Highlands of Scotland, from which it takes its name, however it is very rare in this area. It can be found in moist and wet, rocky habitat, in substrates rich in nitrogen and organic material, such as bird rocks and mossy peat flats. Description ''Saxifraga rivularis'' is a small perennial herb growing not much more than 12 centimeters in maximum height. It has small, lobed leaves at the base and along the stem. Basal leaves are between 5-20mm in length, and petioles are substantially longer than the blade.Streeter et al. ...
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Saxifraga Cernua
''Saxifraga cernua'', the drooping saxifrage, nodding saxifrage or bulblet saxifrage, is a flower common all over the Arctic, High Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of the Alps, Norway, Iceland, Siberia and Alaska. It grows to 10–20 cm tall and the stem has 3–7 leaf, leaves. The basal and lower stern leaves are kidney-shaped, 3–5 lobed on long petioles. The flowers are mostly single and terminal. Petals are white and are much longer than the sepals. The plant reproduces by means of brownish-red Bulb#Bulbil, bulbils in the axils of the upper stem leaves. Flowers bloom June to August. This plant grows in moist sandy and mossy places, on ledges and in snow beds. It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act. References
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Saxifraga
''Saxifraga'' is the largest genus in the family Saxifragaceae, containing about 465 species of holarctic perennial plants, known as saxifrages or rockfoils. The Latin word ''saxifraga'' means literally "stone-breaker", from Latin ' ("rock" or "stone") + ' ("to break"). It is usually thought to indicate a medicinal use for treatment of urinary calculi (known as kidney or bladder stones), rather than breaking rocks apart. Description Most saxifrages are small perennial, biennial (e.g. '' S. adscendens'') or annual (e.g. '' S. tridactylites'') herbaceous plants whose basal or cauline leaves grow close to the ground, often in a rosette. The leaves typically have a more or less incised margin; they may be succulent, needle-like and/or hairy, reducing evaporation. The inflorescence or single flower clusters rise above the main plant body on naked stalks. The small actinomorphic hermaphrodite flowers have five petals and sepals and are usually white, but red to yellow in some specie ...
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Flora Of Svalbard
There are over 190 vascular plant species on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae, mosses, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants. For an island so far north, this number of species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants are slow growing. They seldom grow higher than In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants produce carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones. Plant species *''Acorus calamus'' L. (introduced) *''Alchemilla glabra'' Neygenf. (doubtful) *'' Alchemilla subcrenata'' Buser (introduced) *'' Alopecurus magellanicus'' Lam. *'' Anthoxanthum monticola'' (Bigelow) Veldkamp *'' Arabis alpina'' L. – Alpine rock-cress *''Arctagrostis latifolia'' (R.Br.) Griseb. *''Arctium lappa'' L. *''× Arctodupontia scleroclada'' (Rupr.) Tzvelev *'' Arenaria humifusa'' Wahlenb. *'' Arenaria pseudofrigida'' (Osten ...
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