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Sarah-Theodora
Sarah, Theodora or Sarah-Theodora was an Empress of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and second wife of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (ruled 1331–1371). Biography Sources agree that she was of Jewish descent, having lived with her family in the Jewish neighbourhood in Tarnovo. Ivan Alexander divorced his wife of many years, Theodora of Wallachia, who was forced to become a nun, and Sarah converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, accepted the name Theodora and soon became the Tsar’s second consort. Their marriage took place in the late 1340s. The new Tsaritsa was renowned for her fierce support of her new religion, the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. She was one of the instigators of a church council against the Jews. She restored many churches and built a lot of monasteries and this is the reason why she was held in such high regard by the Bulgarian Church. There is no doubt that Theodora played a significant role in the separation of the Bulgarian Empire betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sratsimir Of Bulgaria
Ivan Sratsimir (), or Ivan Stratsimir ( bg, Иван Страцимир), was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Vidin from 1356 to 1396. He was born in 1324 or 1325, and he died in or after 1397. Despite being the eldest surviving son of Ivan Alexander, Ivan Sratsimir was disinherited in favour of his half-brother Ivan Shishman and proclaimed himself emperor in Vidin. When the Hungarians attacked and occupied his domains, he received assistance from his father and the invaders were driven away. After the death of Ivan Alexander in 1371 Ivan Sratsimir broke off ties with Tarnovo and even placed the archbishop of Vidin under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople to demonstrate his independence. Due to its geographical position, Vidin was initially safe from attacks by the Ottoman Turks who were ravaging the Balkans to the south and Ivan Sratsimir made no attempts to assist Ivan Shishman in his struggle against the Ottomans. Only after the fall of Tarnovo in 1393 did his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Consorts Of Bulgaria
First Bulgarian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire Third Bulgarian State Gallery File:Irene-Komnene-Kastoria.jpg, Anna of Halych File:NHM-BG-photo1-2.jpg, Irene Doukaina Laskarina File:G bogdanov marija.jpg, Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene File:Sarah-Theodora of Bulgaria.jpg, Sarah-Theodora File:Orlai Queens Mary and Elisabeth Imprisoned in Novigrad 1879.jpg, Elizabeth of Bosnia with her daughter File:Dragana.jpg, Dragana Nemanic File:Maria-Luiza Burbon Parmska.jpg, Marie Louise of Parma File:Eleonoreofbulgaria.JPG, Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz File:BASA-3K-15-637-1-Giovanna of Italy, 1937.jpeg, Giovanna of Italy {{DEFAULTSORT:Royal Consorts Of Bulgaria * Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ... Bulgaria, Royal Consorts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kera Tamara
Tamara Hejtan ( bg, Кера Тамара; circa 1340 - died after 1378) was a Bulgarian princess, the daughter of the Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander and his second wife Sarah-Theodora. Life Kera Tamara was a sister of Ivan Shishman and Ivan Sratsimir. She was born probably around 1340 and originates from the Shishman dynasty. The first husband of Kera Tamara was despot Constantine. According to one theory he was the despot of Velbazhd Constantine Dragash whose daughter Helena Dragash married the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II and became mother of the last Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI. However, that theory has been dismissed by the historians because in 1371 Kera Tamara was already a widow while Constantine Dragash died in 1395. Therefore, despot Constantine who was depicted in the Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander next to the Bulgarian princess was another man. As early as 1371 when Ivan Alexander died and Ivan Shishman inherited the throne, in the capital Tarnovo arr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Shishman
Ivan Shishman ( bg, Иван Шишман) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Tarnovo from 1371 to 3 June 1395. The authority of Ivan Shishman was limited to the central parts of the Bulgarian Empire. In the wake of the death of Ivan Alexander, the Bulgarian Empire was subdivided into three kingdoms among his sons, with Ivan Shishman taking the Tаrnovo Kingdom situated in central Bulgaria and his half brother Ivan Sratsimir holding the Vidin Tsardom. Although his struggle to repel the Ottomans differentiated him from the other rulers on the Balkans like the Serbian despot Stephan Lazarevic who became a loyal vassal to the Ottomans and paid annual tribute and participated in all of the Ottoman campaigns subsequent to the battle of Kosovo, contributing a 5,000 strong contingent of christian knights. Although Ivan Shishman has been categorized as indecisive and inconsistent in his policy in the past, this was done with little regard for an understanding of the context of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Asen V Of Bulgaria
Ivan Asen V ( bg, Иван Асен V) was the second son of emperor Ivan Alexander (r. 1331-1371) and his second wife Sarah-Theodora (r. 1337-1371). He was probably named after his elder brother Ivan Asen IV who died in 1349 in battle against the Ottoman Turks near Ihtiman or Sofia.Fine, ''Late Medieval Balkans'', p. 366. Together with his father and younger brother Ivan Shishman, Ivan Asen V presided over the church synods at Tarnovo in the late 1360s. In his burial inscription ordered by Kira Maria, the first wife of his elder brother Ivan Shishman (r. 1371-1395), is written that he was buried in 1388 after he was killed by the Turks. It was written that he was in danger of "falling from the grace of the faith" which means that he was probably allured by the Ottomans to convert to Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodora Of Wallachia
Theodora ( bg, Теодора) of Wallachia was the daughter of Basarab I of Wallachia (r. 1310–1352) and Lady Margareta. She married Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria as his first wife. This marriage produced four children — Michael Asen, Ivan Sratsimir, Ivan Asen and Vasilisa. In 1345 Tsar Ivan Alexander divorced Tsaritsa Theodora and sent her into a monastery as a nun under the name Teofana. She is considered the first known nun in Romanian history and in 2022 she was canonized by the Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches, and one of ... under the name of Venerable Theopahno Basarab. Her feast day was chosen to be 28 October. References Bulgarian consorts 14th-century births 14th-century deaths 14th-century Bulgarian women 14th-century Romanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Alexander Of Bulgaria
Ivan Alexander ( bg, Иван Александър, transliterated ''Ivan Aleksandǎr'', ; original spelling: ІѠАНЪ АЛЄѮАНдРЪ), also sometimes Anglicized as John Alexander, ruled as Emperor (''Tsar'') of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371,Lalkov, ''Rulers of Bulgaria'', pp. 42–43. during the Second Bulgarian Empire. The date of his birth is unknown. He died on 17 February 1371. The long reign of Ivan Alexander is considered a transitional period in Bulgarian medieval history. Ivan Alexander began his rule by dealing with internal problems and external threats from Bulgaria's neighbours, the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, as well as leading his empire into a period of economic recovery and cultural and religious renaissance.''Bǎlgarite i Bǎlgarija'', 2.1 However, the emperor was later unable to cope with the mounting incursions of Ottoman forces, Hungarian invasions from the northwest and the Black Death. In an ill-fated attempt to combat these problems, he divided the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keratsa Of Bulgaria
Keratsa-Maria of Bulgaria ( bg, Кераца-Мария; 1348–1390) was Princess of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and Empress of Byzantine Empire. She was the daughter of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria and his second wife, a converted Jew, Theodora. Life On 17 August 1355 Keratsa was betrothed to the future Emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos. The marital document issued by the Patriarchate stated that "it would be beneficial to the Christians: Byzantines and Bulgarians, and pernicious to the infidels (the Turks)". In 1373, while still co-emperor with his father, John V Palaiologos, Andronikos led a failed rebellion against the Ottoman Sultan Murad I. As a result, Keratsa (along with him and their son) were imprisoned for three years, until they were liberated by the Genoese. On 12 August 1376, Andronikos IV deposed his father and replaced him as Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, with Keratsa as his Empress consort. The new imperial couple remained in control of Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desislava Of Bulgaria
Desislava of Bulgaria ( bg, Десислава) was a 14th-century Bulgarian princess. She was the daughter of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria and his second wife Theodora, a converted Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...ish woman. References Bulgarian princesses Bulgarian people of Jewish descent 14th-century births 14th-century Bulgarian people Year of death unknown 14th-century Bulgarian women Daughters of emperors {{Europe-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shishman Dynasty
The House of Shishman ( bg, Шишман), also Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi ( bg, Шишмановци), was a medieval Bulgarian royal dynasty of Cumans, Cuman (or partial Cuman) origin. The Shishman dynasty consecutively ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire for approximately one century, from 1323 to 1422, until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans. The Shishmanids were related to the earlier Asen dynasty, and according to the Republic of Ragusa, Ragusan historian House of Lukarić/Lucari, Lukarić, also to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty. In Plamen Pavlov's view, the Shishman dynasty's founder, Despot (court title), despot Shishman of Vidin, may have been the brother of George I of Bulgaria, George I, the first Bulgarian Terterid ruler, thus also coming to Bulgaria from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. Members Among its more notable members were: Main branch: * despot Shishman of Vidin :*Michael Shishman of Bulgaria (Michael Asen III) (b. after 1280, ruled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Bulgarian Empire
The Second Bulgarian Empire (; ) was a medieval Bulgarians, Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396. A successor to the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Tsars Kaloyan of Bulgaria, Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually being conquered by the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans in the late 14th century. Until 1256, the Second Bulgarian Empire was the dominant power in the Balkans, defeating the Byzantine Empire in several major battles. In 1205, Emperor Kaloyan defeated the newly established Latin Empire in the battle of Adrianople (1205), Battle of Adrianople. His nephew Ivan Asen II defeated the Despotate of Epiros and made Bulgaria a regional power again. During his reign, Bulgaria spread from the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic to the Black Sea and the economy flourished. In the late 13th century, however, the Empire declined under constant invasions by Mongols, Byzantine Empire, Byzantines, Hungarians, and Serbia in the Middle Ages, Serbs, as well as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsardom Of Vidin
The Tsardom of Vidin ( bg, Видинско Царство, translit=Vidinsko Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state centred in the city of Vidin from 1356 to 1396. Early history In 1257, Rostislav Mikhailovich attacked the Bulgarian capital of Tarnovo, but failed to take it, so he retreated to Vidin where he established himself, claiming the title of ''Tsar'' of Bulgaria, and the Hungarians recognized him with this title. Since the middle of the 13th century, the area of Vidin had been autonomous under ineffective Bulgarian overlordship, and was ruled successively by Yakov Svetoslav (died 1276), Shishman (died between 1308 and 1313), and then his son Michael Shishman, who received the high courtly title of ''despotēs'' from his cousin, Theodore Svetoslav, and was referred to in a contemporary Venetian source as a ''Despot of Bulgaria and Lord of Vidin''. Jacob Svetoslav was the ruler of a widely autonomous domain of the Second Bulgarian Empire most likely located around Sof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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