Sammarinese Communist Refoundation
Sammarinese Communist Refoundation ( it, Rifondazione Comunista Sammarinese, RCS) was a communist political party in San Marino. It was a member of the European Left. History It emerged in 1992 when the old Sammarinese Communist Party evolved into the Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party and some members, on the example of the Italian Communist Refoundation Party, decided not to join the new party. In the 2001 general election RCS won 3.4% of the vote, while in 2006 it gained 8.7% and 5 members of the Grand and General Council as part of the United Left, including the Left Party, a splinter group from the Party of Democrats. Since then it had been part of the 2006–2008 governing coalition along with the Party of Socialists and Democrats and Popular Alliance until tensions between its grouping, United Left, and the latter caused the coalition to disintegrate. In the 2008 general election, United Left, the Sammarinese Communist Refoundation's political grouping, was ...
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Sammarinese Communist Party
The Sammarinese Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Sammarinese, abbreviated PCS) was a Marxist political party in the small European republic of San Marino. It was founded in 1921 as a section of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI). The organization existed for its first two decades as an underground political organization. Between 1945 and the spring of 1957 the PCS governed the country in coalition with the Sammarinese Socialist Party (PSS). The communist-socialist coalition lost power in the events known as ''Fatti di Rovereta''. The PCS returned to membership in a governing parliamentary coalition in 1978, with its adherents remaining as part of the leadership group until 1992. In 1991, with the fall of the Soviet Union, the PCS formally renounced communism and relaunched itself Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS). History Establishment San Marino is a European microstate, considered the third smallest in Europe with an area of just 61 square kilometers (24 s ...
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Left Party – Zona Franca
Left Party – Zona Franca ( it, Partito della Sinistra – Zona Franca, PdS) was a democratic socialist political party in San Marino whose ideology and history are similar to those of the former party Democratic Left of Italy. PdL emerged in 2005 when the Party of Democrats merged with the Sammarinese Socialist Party into the Party of Socialists and Democrats and some members decided not to join to the new party, forming instead an alliance with the Sammarinese Communist Refoundation, United Left. In the 2006 general election United Left won 8.7% of the vote and 5 members of the Grand and General Council and since then, as part of United Left, Left Party – Zona Franca has been part of the 2006-2008 governing coalition along with the Party of Socialists and Democrats and Popular Alliance until tensions between its grouping, United Left, and the latter caused the coalition to disintegrate. In the 2008 general election, United Left, the Left Party – Zona Francas poli ...
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Party Of The European Left Former Member Parties
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature food and beverages, and often conversation, music, dancing, or other forms of entertainment. Some parties are held in honor of a specific person, day, or event, such as a birthday party, a Super Bowl party, or a St. Patrick’s Day party. Parties of this kind are often called celebrations. A party is not necessarily a private occasion. Public parties are sometimes held in restaurants, pubs, beer gardens, nightclubs, or bars, and people attending such parties may be charged an admission fee by the host. Large parties in public streets may celebrate events such as Mardi Gras or the signing of a peace treaty ending a long war. Types Balls Banquets Birthday party A birthday party is a celebration of the anniversary of the birth of ...
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Defunct Socialist Parties In Europe
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Defunct Political Parties In San Marino
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Defunct Communist Parties
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Communist Parties In San Marino
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state f ...
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2012 Disestablishments In San Marino
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by  2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following  0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ...
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1992 Establishments In San Marino
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the ...
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Reforms And Freedom
Reforms and Freedom ( it, Riforme e Libertà) was a left-wing coalition of parties for the 2008 general election in San Marino. {, class=wikitable style=text-align:left , - !colspan=2, Party !Ideology !Electoral list , - , bgcolor="#E60000" , , Party of Socialists and Democrats , Social democracy , rowspan=2 , ''Centre-left'' , - , bgcolor="#2e5894" , , Sammarinese for Freedom , Social liberalism , - , bgcolor="#550000" , , Sammarinese Communist Refoundation , Communism , rowspan=2 , '' United Left'' , - , bgcolor="#Ce2029" , , Left Party – Zona Franca , Democratic socialism , - , bgcolor="#87cefa" , , Centre Democrats , Christian left , '' Democrats'' Election results and summary The electoral coalition won 25 seats out of 60 in the Grand and General Council in the Sammarinese parliamentary election, 2008 gaining 45.78% of the national vote but failed to gain a governmental majority. As a result, the coalition became the opposition to the new gov ...
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Sammarinese Parliamentary Election, 2008
Snap general elections were held in San Marino on 9 November 2008. They were called after the collapse of the centre-left government which had won the previous 2006 elections. In June 2008, due to disagreements within the coalition partners, the Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD), Popular Alliance (AP) and United Left (SU), AP left the coalition and the cabinet fell down. The PSD tried to form a narrow-majority coalition with SU and Sammarineses for Freedom (SpL), but two dissenting members of PSD left their party and formed Arengo and Freedom (AL), leaving the proposed coalition without a majority in Parliament. Due to the new electoral law passed earlier in 2008 which introduced a number of changes (an electoral threshold of 3.5% and a majority premium for the winning coalition, on the example of the electoral system for the Italian cities), the election was contested by two major coalitions: Pact for San Marino (centre-right) and Reforms and Freedom (centre-left). E ...
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Popular Alliance (San Marino)
The Popular Alliance ( it, Alleanza Popolare, AP) was a Liberalism, liberal-centrist political party in San Marino. The party formed a coalition with the Union for the Republic (San Marino), Union for the Republic for the 2016 Sammarinese general election, and following their electoral success the two parties created a new party, Future Republic. History AP was born as an anti-establishment party in 1993, in parallel with the rise of Lega Nord in Italy, of which it has been long considered the Sanmarinese counterpart, but has since then become a stable political force in San Marino, participating in government coalitions with the centrist Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), as well as with the centre-left Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) since 2002. In the 2006 Sammarinese general election the party won 12.1% of the vote and 7 out of 60 seats in the Grand and General Council, making it the third-largest party of the country. In 2008 after the breaking-up of the ...
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