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Salyut Program Cosmonauts
The ''Salyut'' programme (russian: Салют, , meaning "salute" or "fireworks") was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986. Two other ''Salyut'' launches failed. In one respect, ''Salyut'' had the task of carrying out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments, and on the other hand the USSR used this civilian programme as a cover for the highly secretive military ''Almaz'' stations, which flew under the ''Salyut'' designation. ''Salyut'' 1, the first station in the programme, became the world's first crewed space station. ''Salyut'' flights broke several spaceflight records, including several mission-duration records, and achieved the first orbital handover of a space station from one crew t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a Federation, federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, fifteen national republics; in practice, both Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, its economy were highly Soviet-type economic planning, centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Saint Petersburg, Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kyiv, Kiev (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR), Tas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TKS (spacecraft)
The TKS spacecraft (russian: Транспортный корабль снабжения, , ''Transport Supply Spacecraft'', GRAU index 11F72) was a Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s for resupply flights to the military Almaz space station. The spacecraft was designed for both crewed and autonomous uncrewed cargo resupply flights, but was never used operationally in its intended role – only four test missions were flown (including three that docked to Salyut space stations) during the program. The Functional Cargo Block (FGB) of the TKS spacecraft later formed the basis of several space station modules, including the Zarya FGB module on the International Space Station. The TKS spacecraft consisted of two spacecraft mated together, both of which could operate independently: * The VA spacecraft (known mistakenly in the West as the ''Merkur spacecraft''), which would have housed the cosmonauts during launch and reentry of a TKS spacecraft, while traveling to and f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerim Kerimov
Lieutenant General Kerim Abbasali oghlu Kerimov ( az, Kərim Abbasəli oğlu Kərimov, russian: Керим Аббас-Алиевич Керимов; November 14, 1917March 29, 2003) was a Soviet and Russian engineer of Azerbaijani ethnicity and a general in Soviet Army, who is regarded as one of the key scientists and founders in the Soviet Union's space program, and for many years a central figure in the Soviet space program. Despite his prominent role, his identity was kept a secret from the public for most of his career. He was part of the '' Sputnik 1'' team in 1957. As a representative of the Strategic Rocket Forces, he was a member of the State Commission on the Vostok programme, which led to the Vostok 1 flight. In the mid-1960s he was promoted to a leadership role within the space program and oversaw the successful space docking of Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188 in 1967. Kerimov served as a project manager for the '' Salyut series'' space stations in the 1970s and serve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuguang (spacecraft)
Shuguang One (), meaning "dawn" in Mandarin, also known as Project 714 (), was the first crewed spacecraft proposed by the People's Republic of China during the late 1960s and early 1970s that was never built. The design was for a two-person capsule similar to the Gemini spacecraft, that could be launched in 1973. Because of financial and political problems, Shuguang was cancelled on May 13, 1972. Early development As the Chinese space program developed during the sixties, various proposals for crewed spacecraft were made. Serious planning began in 1966, with initial sub-orbital test flights with animals to be made before a crewed mission. However, shortly after these plans were made, several leading scientists attached to the project were denounced during the Cultural Revolution, bringing progress to a standstill. Planning As the Cold War space race for the Moon between the USSR and the United States reached its climax, the Chinese leaders in direct ideological conflict with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korolyov, Moscow Oblast
Korolyov or Korolev ( rus, Королёв, p=kərɐˈlʲɵf) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, well known as the cradle of Soviet and Russian space exploration. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 183,402, the largest as a science city. As of 2018, the population is more than 222,000 people. It was known as Kaliningrad () from 1938 to 1996 and served as the leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank and air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, under the guidance of Russian scientist and academician Sergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as the RKK Energia; when the Vostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated as NII-88 or POB 989. Russian Mission Control Center is also located in K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RKA Mission Control Center
The RKA Mission Control CentreRKA (russian: РКА): Russian space agency (russian: Российское космическое агентство, ''Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo''). (russian: Центр управления полётами), also known by its acronym TsUP (ЦУП) or by its radio callsign Mission Control Moscow, is the mission control centre of Roscosmos. It is located in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, in Pionerskaya Street near the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia plant. It contains an active control room for the International Space Station. It also houses a memorial control room for the Mir space station where the last few orbits of Mir before it burned up in the atmosphere are shown on the display screens. TsUP provides practical flight control for spacecraft of several different classes: manned orbital complexes, spaceships, space probes and civilian, and scientific satellites A satellite or artificial satellite is an object ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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