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Saint Augustin, Madagascar
Saint Augustin (also known as Ianantsony; mg, Anantsono) is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Toliara II, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 15,000 in 2001 commune census. The mouth of the Onilahy River is near the town. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population works in fishing. 23% are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are sweet potatoes and rice; also lima beans is an important agricultural product. Services provide employment for 7% of the population. England's Courteen association attempted to sponsor a colony nearby in 1645 but by 1646 famine, disease, and conflict with the Malagasy drove the English settlers away and the colony failed. Pirates such as John Pro, Thomas White, Samuel Burgess, and John Halsey frequented the area in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of Madagascar
Madagascar was divided into six "autonomous provinces" (''faritany mizakatena''): #Antananarivo Province # Antsiranana Province #Fianarantsoa Province #Mahajanga Province #Toamasina Province #Toliara Province The provinces were dissolved as a result of the new regional subdivision and the constitutional referendum of 2007. There was a time frame of thirty months (until October 2009) for the transition. But in the new constitution, adopted in 2010, six autonomous provinces are listed again. History The provinces were created in 1946, when Madagascar was a French colony. They were originally five, while the sixth (Diego Suarez/Antsiranana) was created later, but before the provincial elections in 1957.Deschamps: Histoire de Madagascar. Paris 1960. Pages 268 and 274. The same provinces continued to exist after the independence in 1960. The new constitution of 1992 stated that the country should be divided into decentralised territorial entities, without going into detail. By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaseolus Lunatus
A lima bean (''Phaseolus lunatus''), also commonly known as the butter bean, sieva bean, double bean, Madagascar bean, or wax bean is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans. Origin and uses ''Phaseolus lunatus'' is found in Meso- and South America. Two gene pools of cultivated lima beans point to independent domestication events. The Mesoamerican lima bean is distributed in neotropical lowlands, while the other is found in the western Andes. They were discovered in Peru and may have been the first plant that was brought up under civilization by the native farmers. The Andes domestication took place around 2000 BC and produced a large-seeded variety (lima type), while the second, taking place in Mesoamerica around 800 AD, produced a small-seeded variety (Sieva type). By around 1300, cultivation had spread north of the Rio Grande, and, in the 1500s, the plant began to be cultivated in the Old World. The small-seeded (Sieva) type is found distributed from Mexico to Argent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soalara
Soalara or Soalara Sud is a town and commune ( mg, kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Toliara II, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 7774 in 2006. Soalara is served by a local airport and riverine harbour. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population works in fishing. 15% are farmers, while an additional 20% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is cassava, while other important products are sweet potatoes and cowpea The cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata'') is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus ''Vigna''. Its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall have made it an important crop in the semiarid regions across Africa and Asia. It requires very few input ...s. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Infrastructure There is none. The infrastructure of this town can be called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bay Of Saint-Augustin
The Bay of Saint-Augustin is located on the southwestern coast of Madagascar in the region of Atsimo-Andrefana at the Mozambique Channel. This bay is the mouth of the Onilahy River at a distance of 35 kilometres south of Toliara Toliara (also known as ''Toliary'', ; formerly ''Tuléar'') is a city in Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of national capital Antananarivo. The current spelling of the name was adopted .... {{List of African seas Saint-Augustin, Bay of Atsimo-Andrefana Pirate dens and locations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toliara
Toliara (also known as ''Toliary'', ; formerly ''Tuléar'') is a city in Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of national capital Antananarivo. The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960. The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts. History In the 17th century, French buccaneers landed in the bay of St. Augustine near the Tropic of Capricorn, and founded the city to maintain commercial relations. It was not until the colonial period, after 1897, when the city really grew: with the efforts of Joseph Gallieni to install French administrative services, previously isolated on the island of Nosy Ve, to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirate Haven
Pirate havens are ports or harbors that are a safe place for pirates to repair their vessels, resupply, recruit, spend their plunder, avoid capture, and/or lie in wait for merchant ships to pass by. The areas have governments that are unable or unwilling to enforce maritime laws. This creates favorable conditions for piracy. These havens were often near maritime shipping lanes. Although some havens were merely hidden coves, some were established by governments who employed privateers to disrupt the overseas trade of rival nations. Some historic pirate havens included Barataria Bay, Port Royal, and Tortuga. These provided some autonomy for privateers and buccaneers. Barbary Coast Historically, the Barbary Coast contained a number of pirate havens, notably Salé, Algiers and Tunis. These pirate havens were used by corsairs from the 16th to the 19th century. The pirates, dubbed "Barbary Pirates", ravaged European shipping and enslaved thousands of captives. The Pirate Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Rivers (pirate)
John Rivers (died 1719) was a pirate best known for leading a settlement and trading post on Madagascar. History The English Courteen Association attempted to sponsor a colony at St. Augustine on the south-western Madagascar coast. Colonists landed in 1645 but by the following year disease, famine, and conflict with the native Malagasy reduced their numbers too far and the colonists fled; within a few decades the bay surrounding St. Augustine was a favorite stopping point for pirates. Ex-pirate Rivers set up a small settlement and trading post at St. Augustine in 1686. He charged trading fees to merchants and slavers who came to exchange goods. Fellow pirate John Halsey visited St. Augustine Bay in 1705, as did John Bowen and Thomas White. Castaway sailor Robert Drury survived the loss of the ''Degrave'' in 1703 and spent many years in service to various native Kings, as well as visiting John Pro and other ex-pirate traders. In his memoir he recalled how Samuel Burgess travel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Halsey (privateer)
John Halsey (c. 1662–1708) was a British privateer and a later pirate who was active in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during the early 18th century. Although much of his life and career is unknown, he is recorded in ''A General History of the Pyrates'' which states ''"He was brave in his Person, courteous to all his Prisoners, lived beloved, and died regretted by his own People. His Grave was made in a garden of watermelons, and fenced in with Palisades to prevent his being rooted up by wild Hogs."'' Biography Born in Boston, Halsey became a privateer in the service of the Kingdom of Great Britain commanding the 10-gun brigantine ''Charles'' during the War of the Spanish Succession, or Queen Anne's War as it was known in the American colonies, and raided French fishing fleets in the Newfoundland and later sailed to Fayal in the Azores and then to the Canary Islands where he attacked Spanish ships en route to Barcelona during 1704. During the voyage, several of his men deserte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Burgess
Captain Samuel Burgess was a member of Captain William Kidd's crew in 1690 when the ''Blessed William'' was seized by Robert Culliford and some of the crew, with William May named as captain. In 1693, Edward Coates became captain and Burgess left the ship and went to New York City. He arrived in April, bought a house and took on a job with Frederick Philipse, New York's wealthiest merchant. Over the next few years Burgess made many profitable voyages to Madagascar selling supplies and guns to pirates in exchange for gold and slaves. Around September 1699, Burgess was in command of the ''Margaret''. Near Saint Mary's Island he ran into a British squadron under Thomas Warren. Pirates there (including Dirk Chivers) accepted an offer of pardon for any piratical activities from Warren, and about 20 of them bought passage home on the ''Margaret''. Burgess sailed to Cape Town, South Africa; by December he reached his destination. Captain Lowth of the East India Company, seized Bur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas White (pirate)
Thomas White (died 1708) was an English pirate active in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. He was only briefly a captain on his own, but served under several more prominent captains such as George Booth (pirate), George Booth, John Bowen (pirate), John Bowen, Thomas Howard (pirate), Thomas Howard, John Halsey (privateer), John Halsey, and Nathaniel North. History Originally a Royal Navy sailor, White made his way from Plymouth to Barbados where he captained the merchant trading vessel ''Marigold''. Off of Guinea in 1698 his ship was captured by French pirates. They killed a number of English crewmen but a sympathetic French pirate spared him. The French pirates kept the ''Marigold'' and burned their own ship, then burned the ''Marigold'' when they took another vessel. Some sources say the French pirates had been captured by John Bowen and George Booth. White refused to join them as a pirate and they made him a slave instead. White escaped when Booth and Bowen wrecked their sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Pro
John Pro (died 1719) was a Dutch pirate best known for leading a pirate trading post near Madagascar. History Pro made his fortune as a pirate cruising the Indian Ocean against Moorish shipping, possibly alongside David Williams or Thomas Collins. They returned to the pirate trading post at Ile Ste Marie off the Madagascar coast to divide their treasure. Adam Baldridge had abandoned the settlement in 1697 after a Malagasy uprising, but Pro remained behind to rebuild. In 1703 Williams and Collins were captured by fellow ex-pirate Aert Van Tuyl after they and the crew of Thomas Howard’s ship ''Prosperous'' got into a fight with Van Tuyl and his native allies. Escaping six months later, Williams made his way to Pro’s outpost. The following year the Royal Navy warships ''Severn'' and ''Scarborough'' sailed the region on a mission to eliminate piracy. Williams and Pro were captured but escaped shortly afterward, sailing canoes to Mohilla, Johanna, Mayotte, and finally back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courteen Association
The Courteen association, later called the Assada company was an English trading company founded in 1635 in an attempt to break the monopoly of the East India Company in trade with India. The East India Company was founded by a charter in 1600 with a fifteen-year monopoly on trade with the east and extended in 1609 by King James I to an indefinite period subject to a 3-year notice of the revocation. This monopoly caused jealousy among merchants who did not subscribe to it and in 1635 King Charles I granted a trading license to Sir William Courteen under the name of the Courteen association permitting it also to trade with the east at any location in which the East India Company had no presence. Courteen's fellow promoters included Endymion Porter, groom of the King's bedchamber and Sir Francis Windebank, his Secretary of State. The company had a troubled beginning, it was badly managed, lost ships at sea and suffered a collapse in 1636, after which Courteen fled to the continent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
