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Sadhu Bhasha
Sadhu bhasha ( bn, সাধু ভাষা, Sādhu bhāṣā, Chaste language) was a historical literary register of the Bengali language most prominently used in the 19th to 20th centuries during the Bengali Renaissance. Sadhu-bhasha was used only in writing, unlike Cholito-bhasa, the colloquial form of the language, which was used in both writing and speaking. These two literary forms are examples of diglossia. Sadhu-bhasha was practised in official documents and legal papers during the colonial period; however, it is mostly obsolete in the present day. History This Sanskritised form of Bengali is notable for its variations in verb forms and the vocabulary which is mainly composed of Sanskrit or tatsama words. It was mainly a vocabulary making it easier for literary works in Sanskrit to be translated. Notable among them was Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, who standardised the Bengali alphabet and paved the path for literary works. The colloquial usage of Bengali consisted mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengal
Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predominantly covering present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. Geographically, it consists of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest river delta in the world and a section of the Himalayas up to Nepal and Bhutan. Dense woodlands, including hilly rainforests, cover Bengal's northern and eastern areas, while an elevated forested plateau covers its central area; the highest point is at Sandakphu. In the littoral southwest are the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest. The region has a monsoon climate, which the Bengali calendar divides into six seasons. Bengal, then known as Gangaridai, was a leading power in ancient South Asia, with extensive trade networks forming connections to as far away as Roman Egy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmins
Brahmin (; sa, ब्राह्मण, brāhmaṇa) is a varna as well as a caste within Hindu society. The Brahmins are designated as the priestly class as they serve as priests ( purohit, pandit, or pujari) and religious teachers (guru or acharya). The other three varnas are the Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood at the Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and rite of passage rituals such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, the Brahmins are accorded the highest ritual status of the four social classes. Their livelihood is prescribed to be one of strict austerity and voluntary poverty ("A Brahmin should acquire what just suffices for the time, what he earns he should spend all that the same day"). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hara Prasad Shastri
Hara Prasad Shastri ( bn, হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী) (6 December 1853 – 17 November 1931), also known as Hara Prasad Bhattacharya, was an Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature. He is most known for discovering the Charyapada, the earliest known examples of Bengali literature. Early life Hara Prasad Shastri was born in Kumira village in Khulna, Bengal (now in Bangladesh) to a family that hailed from Naihati in North 24 Parganas of the present day West Bengal. The family name was Bhattacharya, a common Bengali Brahmin surname. Shastri studied at the village school initially and then at Sanskrit College and Presidency College in Calcutta (now Kolkata). While in Calcutta, he stayed with the noted Bengali scholar and social reformer, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, who was a friend of Shastri's older brother Nandakumar Nyayachunchu. Shastri passed entrance (school-leaving) examination in 1871, First Arts, the u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadbhava
(Sanskrit: तद्भव, , lit. "arising from that") is the Sanskrit word for one of three etymological classes defined by native grammarians of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, alongside tatsama and deśi words. at pp. 67-69. A "tadbhava" is a word with an Indo-Aryan origin (and thus related to Sanskrit) but which has evolved through language change in the Middle Indo-Aryan stage and eventually inherited into a modern Indo-Aryan language. In this sense, tadbhavas can be considered the native (inherited) vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages. Tadbhavas are distinguished from tatsamas, a term applied to words borrowed from Classical Sanskrit after the development of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages; tatsamas thus retain their Sanskrit form (at least in the orthographic form). This can be compared to the use of borrowed Classical Latin vocabulary in modern Romance languages. Both tadbhavas and tatsamas are also distinguished from deśi ("local") words, a term applied to words th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akshay Kumar Datta
Akshay Kumar Datta (also spelt Akshay Kumar Dutta) ( bn, অক্ষয় কুমার দত্ত) (15 July 1820 – 18 May 1886) was a Bengali writer from India. He was one of the initiators of the Bengal Renaissance. Early life He was born as the son of Pitamber Duttain in Chupi village of Burdwan district (now Purba Bardhaman district) of Bengal Presidency, British India. Activism He left his mark on the history of Bengali prose literature and the Brahmo movement in the mid-nineteenth century, inspired by uninterrupted scientific rationalism ; a member of the Tattvabodhini Sabha established by Devendranath Tagore and for some time he served as its assistant editor. On 13 June 1840, when Debendranath established the Tattvabodhini Pathshala in Calcutta, Akshay Kumar became its teacher. Akshay Kumar was one of the leaders in the Brahmo Samaj who raised questions against this kind of blind scriptural belief. In 1854, an institution “Samjjyoti bidhayini Sahrit Samit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (also Chattopadhayay) CIE (26 or 27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was an Indian novelist, poet, Essayist and journalist.Staff writer"Bankim Chandra: The First Prominent Bengali Novelist" ''The Daily Star'', 30 June 2011 He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel ''Anandamath'', which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Indian literature. He was the composer of '' Vande Mataram'', written in highly sanskritized Bengali, personifying Bengal as a mother goddess and inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels and many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. He is known as ''Sahitya Samrat'' (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali. Biography Chattopadhayay is widely regarded as a key figure in literary renaissance of Bengal as well as the broader Indian subcontinent. Some of his writings, including novels, essays, and commentaries, were a break ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar CIE ( bn, ঈশ্বর চন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর; 26 September 1820 – 29 July 1891), born Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay, was an Indian educator and social reformer of the nineteenth century. His efforts to simplify and modernise Bengali prose were significant. He also rationalised and simplified the Bengali alphabet and type, which had remained unchanged since Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar had cut the first (wooden) Bengali type in 1780. He was the most prominent campaigner for Hindu widow remarriage, petitioning the Legislative Council despite severe opposition, including a counter petition (by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha) which had nearly four times as many signatures. Even though widow remarriage was considered a flagrant breach of Hindu customs and was staunchly opposed, Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill and the ''Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act'', ''1856'' was passed . Against child marriag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anandabazar Patrika
'' Anandabazar Patrika'' ( Bengali: আনন্দবাজার পত্রিকা, ) is an Indian Bengali-language daily newspaper owned by the ABP Group. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 1 million copies as of December 2019. Its main competitors are ''Bartaman'', '' Ei Samay'', and '' Sangbad Pratidin''. History A Bengali newspaper was published in 1876 in a small village of Magura at Jessore District in British India (now Bangladesh) by Tushar Kanti Ghosh and his father Sisir Kumar Ghosh. They named it ''Ananda Bazar'' after Tusharkanti's grandmother's sister Anandomayee. However, soon the newspaper died. In 1886, Ghosh published another newspaper, named after his grandmother Amritamoyee: '' Amrita Bazar Patrika''. Later in 1922, the ''Anandabazar Patrika'' was relaunched by proprietor Suresh Chandra Majumdar and editor Prafulla Kumar Sarkar. It was first printed on 13 March 1922 under their ownership and was against British rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Daily Ittefaq
''The Daily Ittefaq'' ( bn, দৈনিক ইত্তেফাক, translit. ''Doinik Ittefak'') is a Bengali-language daily newspaper. Founded in 1953, it is the oldest newspaper, and one of the most circulated newspapers in Bangladesh. This newspaper format is broadsheet and is printed by Ittefaq Group of Publications Limited. Pre-1971 The ''Weekly Ittefaq'' was first published on December 24, 1949 by Yar Mohammad Khan, its founders and publishers and also the founders and treasurers of Bangladesh Awami League. As both were actively involved politics and the Bengali nationalist movement, they appointed Tofazzal Hossain, who was working in Kolkata at the time, as an editor of Kolkata-based ''The Daily Ittehad'', published by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. Following a legal dispute with the original owners in which Tofazzal Hossain won Manik Mia was declared owner of the publishing license of the ''Weekly Ittefaq''. Tofazzal Hossain subsequently acquired a new license under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salimullah Khan
Salimullah Khan ( bn, সলিমুল্লাহ খান; born 18 August 1958) is a Bangladeshi writer. Khan explores national and international politics and culture using Marxist and Lacanian theories. Informed and influenced by Ahmed Sofa's thoughts, his exploration of Bangladesh's politics and culture has a significant following among the country's young generation of writers and thinkers. Khan translated the works of Plato, James Rennell, Charles Baudelaire, Frantz Fanon, Dorothee Sölle into Bengali. In Bangladesh, he is a regular guest in talk shows on national and international political issues. Biography Born in Cox's Bazar, Khan grew up in Maheshkhali. Passing his SSC from Chattogram Cantonment High School and HSC from Chattogram College, he studied Law at the University of Dhaka. For a brief period, he was involved with the student wing of Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal. In 1986, he went to the United States, and did his PhD on ''Theories of Central Banking in En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangladeshis
Bangladeshis ( bn, বাংলাদেশী ) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centered on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay. Bangladeshi citizenship was formed in 1971, when the permanent residents of the former East Pakistan were transformed into citizens of a new republic. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous nation. The vast majority of Bangladeshis are ethnolingustically Bengalis, an Indo-Aryan people. The population of Bangladesh is concentrated in the fertile Bengal delta, which has been the center of urban and agrarian civilizations for millennia. The country's highlands, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts and parts of the Sylhet Division, are home to various tribal minorities. Bengali Muslims are the predominant ethnoreligious group of Bangladesh with a population of 150.36 million, which makes up 91.04% of the country's population as of 2022. The minority Bengali Hindu population made up ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore (; bn, রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of ''Gitanjali'', he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudev, Kobiguru, Biswakobi. A Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan district* * * and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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