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Süzen V Zehnacker Gebaeudereingung GmbH
''Süzen v Zehnacker Gebäudereinigung GmbH'' (1997) C-13/95 is a European Union labour law case concerning transfers of undertakings, and the job security rights of employees. Facts Ms Süzen worked for a Zehnacker, a cleaning company in a private school of Bad Godesberg. Zehnacker lost the cleaning contract. Lefarth won the bid to take it over. Zehnacker let her go, along with 12 others. She stayed working the same as before. Judgment The European Court of Justice held that the lack of any contractual link between transferee and transferor ‘is certainly not conclusive’. That is so because the Directive does not require it. The ‘transfer must relate to a stable economic entity whose activity is not limited to performing one specific works contract’ (Case C-48/94 Rygaard 995 Year 995 (Roman numerals, CMXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * 17 May - Fujiwara no Michitaka (imperial regent) dies. * 3 June: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transfer Of Undertakings
The Transfers of Undertakings Directive''2001/23/ECis a European Union law that protects the contracts of employment of people working in businesses that are transferred between owners. It replaced and updated the law previously known as the Acquired Rights Directive 77/187/EC. Overview The Directive stipulates that any employee's contract of employment will be transferred automatically on the same terms as before in the event of a transfer of the undertaking. This means that if an employer changes control of the business, the new employer cannot reduce the employees' terms and conditions, unless the Directive's exception criteria are met. This is that there must be a good economic, technical or organisational reason for the change. ;Chapter I – Scope and definitions Employment rights and work organisation > Summary of Directive 2001/23/EC">Summaries of EU legislation > Employment and social policy > Employment rights and work organisation > Summary of Directive 2001/23/EC/ref> A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union. Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial). History Following the unification of the List of cities of the ancient Near East, city-states in Assyria and Sumer by Sargon of Akkad into a Akkadian Empire, single empire ruled from his Akkad (city), home city circa 2334 BC, Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement, common Mesopotamian standards for length, ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transfers Of Undertakings
The Transfers of Undertakings Directive''2001/23/ECis a European Union law that protects the contracts of employment of people working in businesses that are transferred between owners. It replaced and updated the law previously known as the Acquired Rights Directive 77/187/EC. Overview The Directive stipulates that any employee's contract of employment will be transferred automatically on the same terms as before in the event of a transfer of the undertaking. This means that if an employer changes control of the business, the new employer cannot reduce the employees' terms and conditions, unless the Directive's exception criteria are met. This is that there must be a good economic, technical or organisational reason for the change. ;Chapter I – Scope and definitions Employment rights and work organisation > Summary of Directive 2001/23/EC">Summaries of EU legislation > Employment and social policy > Employment rights and work organisation > Summary of Directive 2001/23/EC/ref> A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Job Security
Job security is the probability that an individual will keep their job; a job with a high level of security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of losing it. Many factors threaten job security: globalization, outsourcing, downsizing, recession, and new technology, to name a few. Basic economic theory holds that during periods of economic expansion businesses experience increased demand, which in turn necessitates investment in more capital or labor. When businesses are experiencing growth, job confidence and security typically increase. The opposite often holds true during a recession: businesses experience reduced demand and look to downsize their workforces in the short term. Governments and individuals are both motivated to achieve higher levels of job security. Governments attempt to do this by passing laws (such as the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964) which make it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Individuals can influence their degre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bad Godesberg
Bad Godesberg () is a borough () of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as branch offices or consulates. Geography Bad Godesberg is located along the hills and cliffs of the west bank of the Rhine river, in west central Germany. Godesberg is also the name of the steep hill, of volcanic origin, on the top of which are the ruins of the Godesburg, a castle destroyed in 1583 during the Cologne War. History The following events occurred, per year: * 722 - First official record of the town, which was named after a nearby mountain, the Woudenesberg (later Godesberg), a basalt cone where the Ubii, a Germanic tribe, worshipped the god Wotan. * 1210 - On 15 October, Archbishop of Cologne Dietrich I lays the foundation stone of the Godesburg fortress on the Godesberg mountain. * 1583 - On 17 December, the Godesb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spijkers V Gebroeders Benedik Abattoir CV
''Spijkers v Gebroeders Benedik Abattoir CV'' (1986) C-24/85 is a Dutch and EU labour law case concerning transfers of undertakings, and the job security rights of employees. Facts Mr Spijkers worked for a slaughterhouse owned by Colaris in Ubach over Worms. They transferred the business to Benedik in December, and only he and another were not retained. Operations ceased in December 1982, and Colaris was insolvent by March 1983. Good will and customers had already disappeared. Attorney General Slynn gave an opinion before the court decision. He said the ‘essential question is whether the transferee is put in a position, as a result of a legal transfer, whereby he can carry on the undertaking or business or part thereof.’ Judgment The European Court of Justice held that the "decisive question… is whether the entity in question retains its identity". This means a whole range of factors, including customers, Goodwill (accounting), goodwill, buildings, tangible assets and empl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In The European Union
Events from the year 1997 in the European Union. Incumbents * President of the European Council ** Wim Kok (Jan – Jun 1997) ** Jean-Claude Juncker (July – Dec 1997) * Commission President - Jacques Santer * Council Presidency - Netherlands (Jan – Jun 1997) and Luxembourg (July – Dec 1997) Events * 1 January: Netherlands takes over the Presidency of the European Union. * 1 July: Luxembourg Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembour ... takes over the Presidency of the European Union. References Years of the 20th century in the European Union 1990s in the European Union {{Europe-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Case Law
German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman era) * German diaspora * German language * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (disam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In Germany
Events in the year 1997 in Germany. Incumbents *President – Roman Herzog *Chancellor – Helmut Kohl Events Michael Jackson Michael Jackson performed on July 4 and 6, 1997, as a part of the HIStory World Tour. He also performed in 1992 as a part of the Dangerous World Tour Births * 7 January – Sophie Scheder, artistic gymnast * 2 February – Fabian Griewel, politician * 14 March – Aaron Valent, politician * 23 May – Alina Reh, long-distance runner * 7 April – Richard Heinze, celebrity star and beauty pageant model * 22 October – Jan Köstering, politician * 29 October – Jasper Balke, politician Deaths * February 1 – Heiner Carow, film director and screenwriter (born 1929) * March 1 – Hans Robert Jauss, academic (born 1921) * May 22 – Klaus von Bismarck, journalist (born 1912) * May 26 – Manfred von Ardenne, research and applied physicist and inventor (born 1907). * 26 June – Adolf Weidmann, athlete and sports official (born 1901) * 8 Sept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In Case Law
Events January * January 1 – The Emergency Alert System is introduced in the United States. * January 11 – Turkey threatens Cyprus on account of a deal to buy Russian S-300 missiles, prompting the Cypriot Missile Crisis. * January 16 – Murder of Ennis Cosby: Near Interstate 405 (California) on a Los Angeles freeway, Bill Cosby's son Ennis is shot in the head in a failed robbery attempt. * January 17 – A Delta II rocket carrying a military GPS payload explodes, shortly after liftoff from Cape Canaveral. * January 18 – In northwest Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 6 Spanish aid workers and three soldiers, and seriously wound another. * January 19 – Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron after more than 30 years, and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled West Bank city. (→ Hebron Agreement) * January 23 – Madeleine Albright becomes the first female Secretary of State of the United States, after confirmation by the United States Senate. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Justice Of The European Union Case Law
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between Party (law), parties and Administration of justice, administer justice in Civil law (common law), civil, Criminal law, criminal, and Administrative law, administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. Courts generally consist of Judge, judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument. The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or Petition, petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals. Description A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
