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System Archetype
A system archetype is a pattern of behavior of a system. Systems expressed by causal loop diagram, circles of causality have therefore similar structure. Identifying a system archetype and finding the leverage enables efficient changes in a system. The basic system archetypes and possible solutions of the problems are mentioned in the ''#Examples, Examples'' section. A fundamental property of nature is that no cause can affect the past. System archetypes do not imply that current causes affect past effects. Causality The basic idea of system thinking is that every action triggers a reaction. In system dynamics this reaction is called feedback. There are two types of feedback – positive feedback, reinforcing feedback and negative feedback, balancing feedback. Sometimes a feedback (or a reaction) does not occur immediately – the process contains delays. Any system can be drawn as a diagram set up with circles of causality – including actions, feedbacks and delays. positive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its open system (systems theory), environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences. Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity. Etymology The term ''system'' comes from the Latin word ''systēma'', in turn from Greek language, Greek ''systēma'': "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition"."σύστημα" , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', on Pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supply Chain
A supply chain is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them to end consumers or end customers, while supply chain management deals with the flow of goods in distribution channels within the supply chain in the most efficient manner. In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains. Suppliers in a supply chain are often ranked by "tier", with first-tier suppliers supplying directly to the client, second-tier suppliers supplying to the first tier, and so on. The phrase "supply chain" may have been first published in a 1905 article in ''The Independent (New York City), The Independent'' which briefly mentions the difficulty of "keeping a supply chain with India unbroken" during the British expedition to Tibet. Overview A typical supply chain can be divided into two stages namely, produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escalation ...
Escalation is the process of increasing or rising, derived from the concept of an escalator. Specific uses of the term include: * Cost escalation, an increase in the price of goods * Conflict escalation, an increase in the intensity of a conflict * Escalation hypothesis, a theory in evolutionary biology *Escalation of commitment, an aspect of game theory *Privilege escalation, a computer security process * Technological escalation, a technological version of an arms race Entertainment * ''Escalation'' (1968 Italian film), a 1968 Italian film * ''Escalation'' (1968 animated film), a 1968 anti-Vietnam War animated cartoon, directed by Ward Kimball *Escalation Studios, an American video game developer See also *De-escalation De-escalation refers to the methods and actions taken to decrease the severity of a conflict, whether of physical, verbal or another nature. It is the opposite of escalation. De-escalation may also refer to approaches in conflict resolution, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Pollution
''Environmental Pollution'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the biological, health, and ecological effects of environmental pollution. It was established in 1980 as two parts: ''Environmental Pollution Series A: Ecological and Biological'' and ''Environmental Pollution Series B: Chemical and Physical''. These parts were merged in 1987 to form the journal under its current title. It is published by Elsevier and the editors-in-chief are David O. Carpenter (University at Albany, SUNY) and Eddy Y. Zeng ( Jinan University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 8.071. References External links * {{Authority control Environmental science journals Academic journals establ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Debt
A country's gross government debt (also called public debt or sovereign debt) is the financial liabilities of the government sector. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues. Government debt may be owed to domestic residents, as well as to foreign residents. If owed to foreign residents, that quantity is included in the country's external debt. In 2020, the value of government debt worldwide was $87.4 US trillion, or 99% measured as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). Government debt accounted for almost 40% of all debt (which includes corporate and household debt), the highest share since the 1960s. The rise in government debt since 2007 is largely attributable to stimulus measures during the Great Recession, and the COVID-19 recession. Governments may take on debt when the government's spending desires do not match government revenue flows. Taking deb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shifting The Burden To The Intervenor
Shift may refer to: Art, entertainment, and media Gaming * ''Shift'' (series), a 2008 online video game series by Armor Games * '' Need for Speed: Shift'', a 2009 racing video game ** '' Shift 2: Unleashed'', its 2011 sequel Literature * ''Shift'' (novel), a 2010 alternative history book by Tim Kring and Dale Peck * ''Shift'' (novella), a 2013 science fiction book, part two of the Silo trilogy by Hugh Howey * Shift the Ape, a character in ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' novel series * Shift (DC Comics), a DC Comics character who is a fragment of Metamorpho * Shift (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character who is a clone of Miles Morales Music * ''Shift'' (Nasum album), 2004 * Shift (The Living End album) * Shift (music), a change of level in music * Shift (string technique), a finger movement from one position to another on the same string Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * ''Shift'' (magazine), a former Canadian technology and culture magazine * Shift (MSN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Addiction
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use can alter brain function in synapses similar to natural rewards like food or falling in love in ways that perpetuate craving and weakens self-control for people with pre-existing vulnerabilities. This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological factors that are implicated in the development of addiction. While mice given cocaine showed the compulsive and involuntary nature of addiction, for humans this is more complex, related to behavior or personality traits. Classic signs of addiction include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, ''preoccupation'' with substances or behavior, and continued use de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symptomatic Treatment
Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, supportive therapy, or palliative treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not the underlying cause. It is usually aimed at reducing the signs and symptoms for the comfort and well-being of the patient, but it also may be useful in reducing organic consequences and sequelae of these signs and symptoms of the disease. In many diseases, even in those whose etiologies are known (e.g., most viral diseases, such as influenza and Rift Valley fever), symptomatic treatment is the only treatment available so far. For more detail, see supportive therapy. For conditions like cancer, arthritis, neuropathy, tendinopathy, and injury, it can be useful to distinguish treatments that are supportive/palliative and cannot alter the natural history of the disease ( disease modifying treatments). Examples Examples of symptomatic treatments: * Analgesics, to reduce pain * Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substance Dependence
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug. A ''drug addiction'', a distinct concept from substance dependence, is defined as compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. An ''addictive drug'' is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing. ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral and drug addictions, but not dependence. The International Classification of Diseases classifies substance dependence as a mental and behavioural disorder. In the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shifting The Burden
Shift may refer to: Art, entertainment, and media Gaming * ''Shift'' (series), a 2008 online video game series by Armor Games * '' Need for Speed: Shift'', a 2009 racing video game ** '' Shift 2: Unleashed'', its 2011 sequel Literature * ''Shift'' (novel), a 2010 alternative history book by Tim Kring and Dale Peck * ''Shift'' (novella), a 2013 science fiction book, part two of the Silo trilogy by Hugh Howey * Shift the Ape, a character in ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' novel series * Shift (DC Comics), a DC Comics character who is a fragment of Metamorpho * Shift (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character who is a clone of Miles Morales Music * ''Shift'' (Nasum album), 2004 * Shift (The Living End album) * Shift (music), a change of level in music * Shift (string technique), a finger movement from one position to another on the same string Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * ''Shift'' (magazine), a former Canadian technology and culture magazine * Shift (MSN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attractiveness Principle
The Attractiveness Principle is an archetype in system dynamics. System archetypes describe common patterns of behavior in dynamic complex systems. The attractiveness principle is a variation of the Limits to Growth (LtG) archetype, with restrictions caused by multiple limits. The limiting factors here are each of different character and usually cannot be dealt with the same way and/or (and very likely) they cannot be all addressed. The term attractiveness principle was first used by inventor of system dynamics Jay W. Forrester.Forrester, J. W. (1975). Collected Papers of Jay W. Forrester. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Wright-Allen Press. http://dieoff.org/page23.htm According to Forrester, the only way to control growth is to control ''attractiveness''. Other references on this topic can be found in ''The Systems Thinker'' and in ''The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook'' in articles and parts by Michael Goodman and Art Kleiner. In business In business, the attractiveness principle incorpora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
