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Svaneti Uprising Of 1875–1876
The Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876 also known as Svaneti-Khalde revolt, was an anti-colonial uprising directed against the policy of Russian Tsar Alexander II's administration in Svaneti.Mariam ChanishvilExhibition Svaneti-Khalde Revolt 1875-1876The Messenger Online. 2007 It was the third and the last armed uprising of Georgian mountaineers against the Russian Imperial rule, the other two being the Mtiuleti rebellion of 1804 and the Kakheti revolt of 1812.David Marshall Lang ''A Modern History of Soviet Georgia'' Grove Press Inc. 298 pages. 1962 Greenwood Press. 1975 Historical background Continuing dynastic strife in House of Dadeshkeliani, their defiance to the Russian government, and vacillation during the Crimean War (1854–1856), led to direct Russian intervention. In 1857, Prince Alexander Baryatinsky, Viceroy of the Caucasus, ordered Svaneti to be subdued by armed force. The ruling prince of Svaneti, Konstantine, chose to negotiate, but was ordered into exile to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalde Ruins, Georgia (Photo A
Khaldah ( ar, خلدة) is a coastal town located south of Beirut, Lebanon. It is famous as a tourist destination in the summer, especially for its various beach resorts. The southern portion of Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport is located in Khaldah, in addition to a Lebanese Air Force base. Also, the motorway connecting Beirut and Southern Lebanon passes through Khaldah. The town itself lacks any form of urban planning, and in the past few years, most of the green areas have been replaced by commercial and apartment buildings. Some vegetables and citrus trees can still be seen growing in smaller and dispersed areas. As for industries, there are aluminum and glass factories in this area. Schools and universities Besides commerce and industries, Khaldah also houses educational institutions such as one University and two Schools. History Archeological excavations, now covered over, evidence that the site has been occupied since at least the beginning of the first millenn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Gagarin
Prince Alexander Ivanovich Gagarin (russian: Александр Иванович Гагарин) (1801 – 27 October 1857) was a Russian general and nobleman of Rurikid ancestry who was involved in the Caucasian and Crimean wars. In 1857, he served as a governor-general of Kutaisi and was killed by Constantine Dadeshkeliani, the deposed Prince of Svanetia, during a quarrel at Kutaisi. References His biography at Hronos.Ru 1801 births 1857 deaths Imperial Russian Army generals Alexander Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ... Russian military personnel of the Caucasian War Russian military personnel of the Crimean War {{Russia-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Janashia Museum Of Georgia
The Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia ( ka, სიმონ ჯანაშიას სახელობის საქართველოს მუზეუმი), formerly known as the State Museum of History of Georgia, is one of the main history museums in Tbilisi, Georgia, which displays the country's principal archaeological findings. The museum evolved from the museum of the Caucasian Department of the Russian Imperial Geographic Society, founded on May 10, 1852, and converted into the Caucasian Museum on the initiative of the German explorer Gustav Radde in 1865. After Georgia regained independence from Russia (1918), the museum was renamed into the Museum of Georgia in 1919. Noe Kipiani was the first director of the museum. A bulk of its collection was evacuated by the Government of Georgia to Europe following the Bolshevik takeover of the country in 1921, and was returned to Soviet Georgia through the efforts of the Georgian émigré scholar Ekvtime Takaishvili in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svans
, native_name = , native_name_lang = , image = File:Kartvelian languages.svg , caption = Distribution of the Svan language in relation to other Kartvelian (South Caucasian) languages. , population = –80,000 , popplace = , region1 = , pop1 = 14,000–30,000 , region2 = , pop2 = 45 (2010) , languages = Svan, Georgian , religions = Predominantly † Eastern Orthodox Christianity(Georgian Orthodox Church) , related_groups = , related-c = Georgians, the Laz and Mingrelians The Svans ( ka, სვანი, ) are an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians (Kartvelians)Stephen F. JonesSvans ''World Culture Encyclopedia''. Retrieved on March 13, 2011: «''The Svans are one of the dozen or so traditionally recognized ethnic subgroups within the Georgian (Kartvelian) nation.''» [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Caucasus Line
The Kuban drains the northwest Caucasus rivers into the Sea of Azov. The Laba is the fourth river from the left. The North Caucasus Line was a line of Russian forts and Cossack settlements along the north side of the Caucasus Mountains. Originating in the mid-16th century with a few free Cossacks near the Caspian Sea, from the mid-18th century the line was pushed west and used as a base to conquer the mountains to the south and to populate the steppes to the north. Background Geography The distribution of Cossack settlements was determined by three roughly parallel lines. The first was the line between the Caucasus foothills and the lowlands. The second was the line between forest and steppe. It is difficult to trace this line, as much of the forest has been cleared for agriculture, but it is clear that a belt of forest steppe extended north of the foothills onto the plain. The third line was marked by three, and later five, rivers. In the east, the Terek River catches the rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erast Tsytovich
Erast Stepanovich Tsytovich (russian: Эраст Степанович Цытович, 28 February 1830 – 27 January 1898) was an Imperial Russian military commander. By the end of his nearly five decades of service, Tsytovich attained to the rank of General of the Infantry in 1895. He took part in the 1849 Hungarian campaign, the Caucasus War The Caucasian War (russian: Кавказская война; ''Kavkazskaya vojna'') or Caucasus War was a 19th century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the R ... (including the 1876 pacification campaign of Free Svanetia, known as Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876), and the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War. From 1896 to his death, Tsytovich sat in the Imperial Military Council.Цытович Эраст Степанович // Биографический словарь // Высшие чины Российской Империи (1721—1917). — Мос ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti (Georgian: სამეგრელო-ზემო სვანეთი) is a region (Mkhare) in western Georgia with a population of 308,358 (2021) and a surface of . The region has Zugdidi as its administrative center, while Giorgi Guguchia is governor of the region since June 2021. Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti is compiled of the historical Georgian provinces of Samegrelo ( Mingrelia) and Zemo Svaneti (i.e., Upper Svaneti). Subdivisions The region has one self governing city (Poti) and 8 municipalities with 143 administrative communities (temi), totalling to 531 populated settlements: * Eight cities: Abasha, Khobi, Martvili, Poti, Jvari, Zugdidi, Senaki and Tsalenjikha. * Two dabas: Mestia, Chkhorotsku * Villages: 521 Geography Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti is traversed by two sections of the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. The Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Mkhare can be split into two historical regions. Svaneti and Samegrelo. In the northern part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Svaneti
Free Svaneti ( ka, თავისუფალი სვანეთი, ''t'avisup'ali svanet'i''; russian: Вольная Сванетия, ''vol'naya svanetiya'') was a name applied to the self-governing communities of Svan highlanders, originally coined by the Imperial Russian officials and explorers of the Caucasus. These communities formed a loose confederation with a clan-based traditional system of law. As a quasi-autonomous region, Free Svaneti probably emerged with the decline of Georgian feudalism in the 15th century and was devoid of any centralized government until being subjected to the Russian Empire in 1853. The last vestiges of the Svan self-rule was brought to an end by the Russian military in 1876. Society The Free Svan communities occupied eastern part of Upper Svaneti, the so-called Upper Bal region, along the upper Enguri River, and comprised the Latali, Lenjeri, Mulakhi, Mulazhi, Ieli, Tsvirmi, Ipari, Adishi, Kala, and Ushguli village communes, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor. Clans, in indigenous societies, tend to be endogamous, meaning that their members can marry one another. Clans preceded more centralized forms of community organization and government, and exist in every country. Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol to show that they are an . Kinship-based groups may also have a symbolic ancestor, whereby the clan shares a "stipulated" common ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan's unity. Etymology The English word "clan" is derived from old Irish meaning "children", "offspring", "progeny" or "descendants"; it is not from the word for "family" or "clan" in either Irish or Scottish Gaelic. According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the word "clan" was introduced into English in around 1425, as a descriptive label for the organization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Military District
The Caucasus Military District (russian: Кавказский военный округ, ''Kavkazskiy voenniy okrug'') was a military formation of the Imperial Russian Army. It was created in 1865 as the successor to the Caucasus Army, and was dissolved in 1917. History The Caucus Military District was created as part of the military reforms of the minister Dmitry Milyutin. During the entire existence of the District, the District Commander in Chief was also supreme civil authority in the Caucasus and Ataman of Caucasian troops. In 1865 - 1881 and again in 1905 - 1917, the District Commander in Chief was also His Majesty's Viceroy in the Caucasus. On the formation of the District, the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich (who had already been His Majesty's Viceroy in the Caucasus and Commander in Chief of the Caucasus Army since December 6, 1862) became its first Commander in Chief. On August 23, 1915 (during the First World War), the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich was appointed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich Of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 – 18 December 1909) was the fourth son and seventh child of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. He was the first owner of the New Michael Palace on the Palace Quay in Saint Petersburg. Marriage and issue On 16 August 1857, he married Princess Cecilie of Baden (1839–1891), daughter of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden and Sophie of Sweden. Cecily adopted the name Olga Fedorovna, and had the following children with him: Career He served 20 years (1862–1882) as the Governor General of Caucasia, being seated in Tbilisi, the town which most of his children remembered as the home of their childhood. In the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), he was nominal Commander-in-Chief of the Russian troops in the Caucasus and was appointed Field Marshal General in April 1878. In the course of his life, four members of his family ruled as Emperors of Russia: his father, Nicholas I; his brother, Alexander II; his nep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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