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Supreme Order Of Christ
The Supreme Order of Christ () is the highest order of chivalry that can be awarded by the Pope. No appointments have been made since 1987 and following the death in 1993 of the last remaining knight, King Baudouin of Belgium, the order became dormant. According to some scholars, it derives from the Order of Christ of the Knights Templar, like the Portuguese Military Order of Christ. Dispute The papacy insisted that the right of the Portuguese monarchs to award the honour had been granted by a pope in the Papal bull ''Ad ea ex quibus'' issued in Avignon on 14–15 March 1319. Although the bull itself does not explicitly grant to the pope the right to grant membership in the order, successive popes since John XXII have done so. For many years, the Portuguese monarchy disputed the right of the papacy to award the order, and in one famous case arrested Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni, an Italian architect, for wearing the papal order. The position of the Crown of Portugal was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ster En Kleinood Van De Orde Van Christus (Heilige Stoel)
Ster (Stichting Ether Reclame, English: 'Foundation for Ether Advertisement') is a Dutch organisation responsible for the broadcast of radio and television ads on the media outlets of NPO. With the income from these, parts of the costs of public broadcasting are paid for. STER was founded in 1965 as the ''Stichting tot Uitzenden van Reclame'' ("Foundation for the Broadcasting of Advertisements"); the name was changed to the present name that same year. STER is most famous for Loeki de Leeuw, an animated puppet which appeared at the beginning and ending of all of STER's commercials from 1972 until 2004, and again in 2019 and from 2021 onwards. Content and timing STER may not use more than 10% of the airtime per year on advertisement and daily not more than 15% and also not air ads within programs (as happens on the Dutch commercial stations). For programming with long runtimes, like UEFA Champions League events, they consider the pregame (produced by NOS), each half of the gam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Pius X
Pope Pius X (; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing Modernism in the Catholic Church, modernist interpretations of Ten Commandments in Catholic theology, Catholic doctrine, and for promoting liturgical reforms and Thomism, Thomist scholastic theology. He initiated the preparation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the first comprehensive and systemic work of its kind, which would ultimately be promulgated by Pope Benedict XV, his successor. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. Pius X was devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the Marian title, title of Our Lady of Confidence; while his papal encyclical ''Ad diem illum'' took on a sense of renewal that was reflected in the motto of his pontificate. He advanced the Liturgical Movement by formulating the principle of ''participatio actuosa'' (active participation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Adolf Of Auersperg
Adolf Wilhelm Carl Daniel, Hereditary Prince of Auersperg (; 21 July 1821 in Schloss Vlašim, Bohemia – 5 January 1885 in Schloss Goldegg, Neidling) was a Bohemian and an Austrian nobleman and statesman. He served as eighth prime minister of the western part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (''Cisleithania'') and ninth provincial president of Salzburg. Biography On the death of his father (Wilhelm II, 7th Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Gottschee), Prince Adolf became heir to one of the most prominent princely families of the Holy Roman Empire, whose sovereign principality was mediatized in the Austrian Empire following the German Mediatisation of the post-revolutionary era. After studying law, he served as an imperial cavalry officer from 1841 to 1860 and attained the rank of major in Prince Eugene's Dragoons regiment. In 1867 he entered political life as a member of the Bohemian Landtag (provincial assembly), being elected by the Liberal land proprietors. Ten months later, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Ferdinand, Duke Of Anhalt-Köthen
Frederick Ferdinand of Anhalt-Köthen (25 June 1769, in Pless – 23 August 1830, in Köthen) was a German prince, Ascanian ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Pless and, from 1818, of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen. He was the second son of Frederick Erdmann, Prince of Anhalt-Pless, and his wife, Countess Louise Ferdinande of Stolberg-Wernigerode, daughter of Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode. Life In 1786 he joined the Prussian Army, where he obtained the rank of '' Major General''. From 1792 to 1794, he fought in military campaigns on the Rhine. After the death of his father and his mentally disabled older brother's renunciation of succession rights (1797), Frederick Ferdinand inherited the non-sovereign Prussian state country of Pless, but in 1803 he returned to the Prussian army. In Lindenau bei Heiligenbeil on 20 August 1803 Frederick Ferdinand married Princess Maria Dorothea Henriette ''Louise'' of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (28 September 1783, Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konrad Adenauer
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman and politician who served as the first Chancellor of Germany, chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (Germany), Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a newly founded Christian democracy, Christian democratic party, which became the dominant force in the country under his leadership. As a devout Catholic, Adenauer was a leading politician of the Catholic Centre Party (Germany), Centre Party in the Weimar Republic, serving as Mayor of Cologne (1917–1933) and as president of the Prussian State Council. In the early years of the Federal Republic, he switched focus from denazification to recovery, and led his country to close relations with France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. During his years in power, he worked to restore the Economic history of Germany#Economic miracle and beyond, West German economy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full achievement (heraldry), heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest (heraldry), crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to the armiger (e.g. an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation). The term "coat of arms" itself, describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail "surcoat" garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Roll of arms, Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a nobility, noble family, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collar (order)
A collar, also known as collar of an order, is an ornate chain, often made of gold and Vitreous enamel, enamel, and set with precious stones, which is worn about the neck as a symbol of membership in various chivalric orders. It is a particular form of the livery collar, the grandest form of the widespread phenomenon of livery in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Orders which have several grades often reserve the collar for the highest grade (usually called the Grand Cross). The links of the chain are usually composed of symbols of the order, and the badge (also called "decoration", "cross" or "jewel") of the order normally hangs down in front. Sometimes the badge is referred to by what is depicted on it; for instance, the badge that hangs from the chain of the Order of the Garter is referred to as "the George". History A medieval tradition: the Order of the Collar (14th century) The first of the Orders of Knighthood were the Military order (society), military orders o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecclesiastical Heraldry
Ecclesiastical heraldry refers to the use of heraldry within Christianity for dioceses, organisations and Christian clergy. Initially used to mark documents, ecclesiastical heraldry evolved as a system for identifying people and dioceses. It is most formalized within the Catholic Church, where most bishops, including the Pope, have a personal coat of arms. Clergy in Anglican, Lutheran, Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches follow similar customs, as do institutions such as schools and dioceses. Ecclesiastical heraldry differs notably from other heraldry in the use of special insignia around the shield to indicate rank in a church or denomination. The most prominent of these insignia is the low crowned, wide brimmed ecclesiastical hat, commonly the Roman ''galero''. The color and ornamentation of this hat indicate rank. Cardinals are famous for the "red hat", while other offices and churches have distinctive colors of hat, such as black for priests and green for bis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Bander Van Duren
Peter Bander van Duren (30 July 1930, in Cologne – 21 April 2004) was a British writer on heraldry and orders of knighthood. Biography Peter Bander immigrated to the United Kingdom from Germany and became a British citizen in 1962. In 1976, he changed his name by deed poll to ''Peter Bander van Duren'', adding a slight alteration of his mother's maiden name, von Duren, to his father's surname. Bander van Duren worked as a teacher in a borstal, a prison for youth, and in Edith Cavell School, a secondary school in a deprived part of Islington, and then taught Religious & Moral Education at Wall Hall College, Cambridge Institute of Education, a teachers' training college in Aldenham, Herts. In 1966 he became co-founder and joint-Managing Director of Colin Smythe, a small British publishing house. Works A Roman Catholic, Bander van Duren wrote several books on heraldry, some of them in cooperation with Bruno Bernard Heim or Archbishop Hygenius Eugene Cardinale, the Apostoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acta Apostolicae Sedis
''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' (Latin for 'Acts of the Apostolic See'), often cited as ''AAS'', is the official gazette of the Holy See, appearing about twelve times a year.Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ), article ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' It was established by Pope Pius X on 29 September 1908 with the decree ''Promulgandi Pontificias Constitutiones'', and publication began in January 1909. It contains all the principal decrees, encyclical letters, decisions of Roman congregations, and notices of ecclesiastical appointments.Modern Catholic Dictionary, reproduced aCatholic Culture/ref> The laws contained in it are to be considered promulgated when published, and effective three months from date of issue, unless a shorter or longer time is specified in the law. ''Acta Sanctæ Sedis'' ''Acta Sanctæ Sedis'' (''ASS''; Latin for 'Acts of the Holy See') was a Roman monthly publication containing the principal public documents issued by the pope, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereign Military Order Of Malta
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, and commonly known as the Order of Malta or the Knights of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of a military, chivalric, and noble nature. Though it possesses no territory, the order is often considered a sovereign entity under international law. The Order traces its institutional continuity with the Knights Hospitaller, a chivalric order that was founded about 1099 by the Blessed Gerard in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The order is led by an elected prince and grand master. Its motto is ("Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"). The government of the Sovereign Order of Malta has a similar structure to state governments. However, it also includes specific features associated with its nature as a lay religious order, as well as particular terminology evolved from nine centuries of history. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelo De Mojana Di Cologna
Fra' Angelo de Mojana di Cologna (13 August 1905 – 18 January 1988) was an Italian nobleman, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1962 to 1988 who was born in Milan and died in Rome. De Mojana was received as a Knight of Honour and Devotion in the Order of Malta 7 December 1940. He took first vows as a Knight of Justice 28 March 1950 and made his solemn profession 1 April 1957. Throughout the 1950s De Mojana was the principal legal advisor to the Order of Malta in its negotiations with the Sacred Congregation for Religious. De Mojana was promoted to the rank of Commander of Justice 1 January 1960 and was given the Commandery Estense Reggiana. He was elected Grand Master 8 May 1962. De Mojana made two official visits to France. In November 1964 he was received by President Charles de Gaulle. On 27 April 1972 he was received at the Élysée Palace by President Georges Pompidou. He made an official visit to Malta in June 1968. He made an o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
