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Sultanate Of Wadai
The Wadai Sultanate ( ar, سلطنة وداي ''Saltanat Waday'', french: royaume du Ouaddaï, fur language, Fur: ''Burgu'' or ''Birgu''; 1501–1912) was an African sultanate located to the east of Lake Chad in present-day Chad and the Central African Republic. It emerged in the seventeenth century under the leadership of the first sultan, Abd al-Karim, who overthrew the ruling Tunjur people of the area. It occupied land previously held by the Sultanate of Darfur (in present-day Sudan) to the northeast of the Sultanate of Baguirmi. History Origins Prior to the 1630s, Wadai, also known as Burgu to the people of Darfur, was a pre-Islamic Tunjur kingdom, established around 1501. The Arab migrants to the area which became Wadai claimed to be descendants of the Abbasid dynasty, Abbasid Caliphs, specifically from Salih ibn Abdallah ibn Abbas. Yame, an Abbasid leader, settled with Arab migrants in Debba, near the future capital of Ouara (Wara). In 1635, the Maba people, Maba and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouara
Ouara (or Wara, ar, وارا) is the former capital of the Ouaddai Empire lying near Abéché in eastern Chad. It has been deserted since its wells went dry in the 19th century. Situated between hills, it is still home to a ruined palace, mosque and city wall A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications with towers, bastions and gates .... These ruins were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 21, 2005, in the cultural category. References Populated places in Chad Ouaddaï Region {{chad-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Baguirmi
The Sultanate or Kingdom of Bagirmi or Baghermi (french: Royaume du Baguirmi) was a kingdom and Islamic sultanate southeast of Lake Chad in central Africa. It was founded in either 1480 or 1522 and lasted until 1897, when it became a French protectorate. Its capital was Massenya, north of the Chari River and close to the border to modern Cameroon. The kings wore the title ''Mbang''. History The Bagirmi carried a tradition that they migrated from far to the east, which is supported by the resemblance of their language to various tribes on the White Nile. It is not entirely clear when or by whom the Bagirimi kingdom was founded: some king lists trace this event to 1480, when it was supposedly founded by Mbang Abd al-Mahmud Begli, while others deem Mbang Birni Besse responsible, who is said to have founded the kingdom in 1522. He seems to have displaced the earlier Bulala, while he also began to build a palace in Massenya, the capital of the state. The fourth king, Abdullah (1568 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-Saharan Trade Route
Trans-Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century. The Sahara once had a very different environment. In Libya and Algeria, from at least 7000 BC, there was pastoralism, the herding of sheep, goats, large settlements, and pottery. Cattle were introduced to the Central Sahara (Ahaggar) from 4000 to 3500 BC. Remarkable rock paintings (dated 3500 to 2500 BC) in places that are currently very dry, portray flora and fauna that are not present in the modern desert environment. As a desert, Sahara is now a hostile expanse that separates the Mediterranean economy from the economy of the Niger basin. As Fernand Braudel points out, crossing such a zone, especially without mechanized transport, is worthwhile only when exceptional circumstances cause the expected gain to outweigh the cost and the danger. Trade was conducted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Sabun
Muhammad 'Abd al-Karim Sabun (died 1815) was (Sultan) of Wadai, a Muslim state in what is now eastern Chad, from 1804 to 1815. He pursued an expansionist policy, and was the greatest of the rulers of Wadai. Accession Abd al-Karim Sabun ascended the throne of Wadai on Rajab 1219 (May–June 1804). Sabun was the eldest son of the ineffective ''Kolak'' Salih Derret. As the result of a conspiracy, his father was killed and Sabun assumed the throne. His father's other children were not yet grown, but his brother Asad posed a threat. Asad fled to Darfur, but was lured back on the pretense that he had support for his claim to the throne. He was then seized, taken to the capital, Wara, and blinded. Sabun became ruler of a state that under Salih Derret controlled the area of the east-central Chad Basin south of the Sahara and north of the Bahr es Salamat, between Kanem in the west and the Sultanate of Darfur in the east. Military conflict Sabun supplied his army with chain mail an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 8th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu (the Bornu Empire) until 1900. The Kanem Empire (c. 700–1380) was located in the present countries of Chad, Nigeria and Libya. At its height, it encompassed an area covering not only most of Chad but also parts of southern Libya (Fezzan) and eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The Bornu Empire (1380s–1893) was a state in what is now northeastern Nigeria, in time becoming even larger than Kanem, incorporating areas that are today parts of Chad, Niger, Sudan, and Cameroon. The early history of the empire is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle, or '' Girgam'', discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. Remnant successor regimes of the empire, in form of the Borno Emirate and Dikwa Emirate, were establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Bagirmi
The Sultanate or Kingdom of Bagirmi or Baghermi (french: Royaume du Baguirmi) was a realm, kingdom and Islamic sultanate southeast of Lake Chad in central Africa. It was founded in either 1480 or 1522 and lasted until 1897, when it became a French colonial empire, French protectorate. Its capital was Massenya, north of the Chari River and close to the border to modern Cameroon. The kings wore the title ''Mbang''. History The Bagirmi people, Bagirmi carried a tradition that they migrated from far to the east, which is supported by the resemblance of their language to various tribes on the White Nile. It is not entirely clear when or by whom the Bagirimi kingdom was founded: some king lists trace this event to 1480, when it was supposedly founded by Mbang Abd al-Mahmud Begli, while others deem Mbang Birni Besse responsible, who is said to have founded the kingdom in 1522. He seems to have displaced the earlier Bulala, while he also began to build a palace in Massenya, the capital o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beni Halba
The Beni Halba () is an Arab group located in the western Sudanese region of Darfur. The Beni Halba is one of the major Darfuri Baggara groups, along with the Habbaniya, Rizeigat and Ta’isha, and was granted a large '' hakura'' (land grant) in southern Darfur by the sultans of independent Dar Fur. During the 1980s, recurring drought in Chad prompted several clans of Beni Halba to migrate eastwards and join their kinspeople between Geneina and Kebkabiya and Kutum. In the late 1980s, the ideology then sweeping through the region combining Arab supremacy and Islamic extremism was taken up by many Beni Halba. Under Nazir al-Hadi Issa Debaker, the Beni Halba were actively involved in attacks upon the Fur people starting in 1987 through 1989. In this period a new militia called the Janjaweed, partially drawing upon the Beni Halba, was first formed. In 1991 the Sudan People's Liberation Army, then fighting the Second Sudanese Civil War in the south of the country, sent a force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahamid
The Mahameed ( ar, المحاميد), and sometimes the Mahmid or the Mahammeed, are an Arab tribe that traces its origins to the Khawlaniyah al-Qahtaniyah Harb The majority of them resided originally in the Hijaz, between Mecca and Medina, and then spread in the Arabian Peninsula and the countries of the Maghreb, which are considered among the Arab tribes spread throughout the Arab countries. Tribe lineage The Mahameed, the sons of Mahmoud bin Talha bin Maymun bin al-Musafir bin Amr bin Ziyad bin Sulaiman bin Salem bin Harb bin Saad bin Khawlan bin Amr bin Al-Haf bin Qadda bin Malik bin Amr bin Marra bin Zaid bin Malik bin Hamir bin Saba bin Ya'roub bin Qahtan Tribe biography Their biography is repeated in the frequent travels, emigration and instability during their travels from their homes by origin, and their biography indicates that when the tribe enlarged and narrowed their area of residence in Najd and Hijaz, they gathered to take opinions about what they need to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Karim (Kolak)
ʻAbd al-Karīm (ALA-LC romanization of ar, عبد الكريم) is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, also a surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' ʻabd'' and ''al-Karīm'', one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the most Generous". It is rendered as ''Abdolkarim'' in Persian, ''Abdulkerim'' in Albania, Bosnia and ''Abdülkerim'' in Turkey. It may refer to: Given name *Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayri (986–1074), Persian philosopher * ʻAbd al-Karim al-Jili (1366–1424), Sufi author who studied in Yemen *Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani, Khan of Astrakhan, 1490–1504 * `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad (ruled 1825–1834), Emir of Harar, Ethiopia *Abdülkerim Nadir Pasha (1807–1883), Ottoman Turkish soldier *Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi (1859–1937), Iranian Twelver Shia Muslim cleric * Abdul Karim (Ghanaian footballer) (born 2000), Ghanaian footballer *Abdul Karim (the Munshi) (1863–1909), India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maba People
The Maba, Burgu or Bargo people are a minority ethnic group found primarily in the mountainous Ouaddaï region of eastern Chad and adjacent areas of Sudan. Their population is estimated to be about 300,000 in Chad. Other estimates place the total number of Burgu people in Sudan to be about 700,000. The Burgu today primarily adhere to Islam, following the Maliki Sunni denomination. They supported the Sultans of Abeche and the Sudanic kingdoms, who spoke their language. Little is certain about their history before the 17th century. They are noted as having helped expel the Christian Tunjur dynasty and installed an Islamic dynasty in their region in the early 17th-century. Their homelands lie in the path of caravan routes that connect the Sahel and West Africa with the Middle East. The Burgu people are an African people. They are traditionally pastoral and farmers who are clan-oriented. The Bargo people have also been referred to as the Wadai, a derivative of Ouaddaï. They speak Maba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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