Subterranean Rivers In Hong Kong
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Subterranean Rivers In Hong Kong
Many places in Hong Kong got their names from rivers. With urban development, many of these rivers are converted into sewers, as it is difficult to stop them flowing downhill. List of subterranean rivers *Kwai Chung *Kai Tak Nullah (partly) *Sai Wan Ho *Tai Hang *Tsak Yue Chung (lower course) * Tsui Ping Nullah (middle course) * Wong Nai Chung See also *Subterranean river A subterranean river is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface – one where the riverbed does not represent the surface of the Earth. It is distinct from an aquifer, which may flow like a river but is contained within a per ... * Subterranean rivers of London Subterranean Hong Kong Rivers of Hong Kong Subterranean rivers {{HongKong-geo-stub ...
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842.. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898... British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resume ...
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Rivers Of Hong Kong
The location of Hong Kong, adjacent to the coast, is not close to the system of major rivers in southern China, though the water to the west of Hong Kong is influenced by Pearl River. In 1,103 km2 of land, the territory is largely hilly with over 200 islands. Because of this, the terrain can nurture relatively shorter and smaller rivers in Hong Kong than in southern China. Historically, these rivers once sustained intensive farming for the need of population before the age of developing new towns. Many rivers can be found in the New Territories, especially in the areas north of Tai Mo Shan, where rice growing and fish farming were once everywhere amidst several river systems. Kowloon and New Kowloon Hong Kong Island New Territories Mainland Lantau Island See also * Geography of Hong Kong * List of buildings, sites, and areas in Hong Kong * List of rivers in China * Subterranean rivers in Hong Kong * Nullah External links A partial list of rivers in Hong K ...
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Sanitary Sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal. Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure. Purpose Sewage treatment is less effective when sanitary waste is diluted with stormwater, and combined sewer overflows occur when r ...
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Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town. In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km². Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong. Origin of the name In earlier times Kwai Chung was called Kwai Chung Tsai (). Kwai Chung was a creek (Chung) that emptied into Gin Drinkers Bay (). The whole bay was reclaimed for land and the creek is no longer visible. Divisions Traditionally, Kwai Chung is divided into Sheung Kwai Chung (), and Ha Kwai Chung (). Administratively, the former is called North Kwai Chung, and the latter South Kwai Chung. Sheung Kwai Chung, Chung Kwai Chung Village () and Ha Kwai Chung Village () are recognized villages under the New Territories Small House Policy. ...
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Kai Tak Nullah
The Kai Tak Nullah (, also known as the Kaitak River () is a ''nullah'' or watercourse that collects water from the rivers and streams flowing from the hills in northern New Kowloon. It empties into a narrow channel leading into the List of typhoon shelters in Hong Kong, Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. Part of the ''nullah'' is covered by roads and other facilities. The Kai Tak Nullah is about 2.4 km () in length. It flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road, pass Tung Tau Estate and San Po Kong, into Kai Tak Development, Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour at the List of typhoon shelters in Hong Kong, Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. It has an upstream and a midstream. The nullah is one of the major flood relief drainage channels in the East Kowloon area. The improvement work of Kai Tak Nullah has been overseen by the Civil Engineering and Development Department since March 2012, aiming to turn the nullah into an attractive green river corri ...
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Sai Wan Ho
Sai Wan Ho is a primarily residential area on the northeastern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, between Quarry Bay and Shau Kei Wan. It is part of the Eastern District, and is administered together with surrounding areas under the Eastern District Council. History At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Sai Wan Ho was 876. The number of males was 650. Location Sai Wan Ho is conventionally agreed to extend between the Taikoo Shing Road, Shau Kei Wan Road and King's Road junction to the west, and the Shau Kei Wan tram depot in the east. It is bounded by the Victoria Harbour to the north, and mountains to the south. Housing Sai Wan Ho is primarily residential. The hill was once filled with squatter settlements, which were later demolished and replaced with new residential buildings. Taikoo Shing, redeveloped from Taikoo Dockyard, spans the east end of the area. From the 1980s through the 2000s, extensive reclamation drastically reshaped the shore. Private housing ...
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Tai Hang
Tai Hang () is an area southeast of Causeway Bay located in the mid-north of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is home to many luxurious private apartments. Residents are predominantly more affluent Hong Kong locals and expatriate professionals. Geography Tai Hang is a valley with an opening to Causeway Bay in north and So Kon Po in west. To its south and east are hills. The former coastline is marked by Tung Lo Wan Road and the main road Tai Hang Road winds in the hills throughout the area. The area of Tai Hang is divided into upper and lower areas. The upper area includes a public housing estate Lai Tak Tsuen and some highrise residential blocks for affluents, such as Illumination Terrace (, 5-7 Tai Hang Road) or Ronsdale Garden (龍華花園, 25 Tai Hang Drive). The lower area has many old residential blocks, with a number of restaurants along the streets. It is named after a stream (or drainage) from nearby hills. Features One interesting recent development in the plai ...
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Quarry Bay
Quarry Bay is an area beneath Mount Parker in the Eastern District of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong. The western portion of the area was also formerly known as Lai Chi (). Traditionally an industrial and residential area, the number of commercial buildings in this district has increased since the 1990s. Quarry Bay is bordered by Sai Wan Ho to the east, Mount Parker to the south, North Point to the west, and Victoria Harbour to the north. Administratively, it is part of Eastern District. Quarry Bay is considered as an area surrounded by to the east, Hong Shing Street and to the south, junction of King's Road and Healthy Street West to the west, and History The 1819 edition of the '' Gazetteer of Sun On County'' () did not mention today's Quarry Bay. Historians such as Anthony Kwok Kin Siu suggested Quarry Bay was a remote area before British colonial time. During Colonial Hong Kong times, the Hakka stonemasons settled in the area after the British arrival. This a ...
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Tsui Ping Nullah
Tsui is a surname. It is an alternative transcription of two Chinese surnames, namely Cui (surname), Cuī () and Xú (). Origins Tsui may be an alternative transliteration of two separate Chinese surnames, listed below by their Hanyu Pinyin transliteration (which reflects the Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin pronunciation): *Cui (surname), Cuī (), which originated as a toponymic surname from a fief by that name in the Qi (state), state of Qi; a grandson of Jiang Ziya renounced his claim to the throne and went to live in that fief, and his descendants took its name as their surname. It is spelled Ts'ui in the Wade–Giles system of transliterating Mandarin (which remains common in Taiwan and was used until the 20th century in other regions). The spelling Tsui may also be based on the Cantonese pronunciation (). *Xú (), which originated as a toponymic surname from the ancient Xu (state), state of Xu, adopted by the descendants of Yi (husbandman), Boyi after the state was annexed by the ...
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Wong Nai Chung
Happy Valley () is an upper-income residential area in Hong Kong, located on Hong Kong Island. The area is bordered by Caroline Hill to the east, Jardine's Lookout to the south, Morrison Hill to the west, and Causeway Bay to the north. Administratively, it is part of Wan Chai District. Happy Valley is considered as an area surrounded by Caroline Hill Road to the east, Tai Hang Road and Stubbs Road to the south, Canal Road Flyover and westbound section of Wong Nai Chung Road to the west, and Leighton Road to the north. The area is home to the Happy Valley Racecourse, Hong Kong Racing Museum, Hong Kong Jockey Club Happy Valley Clubhouse, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong Adventist Hospital – Stubbs Road, home to a number of sports clubs including Valley RFC rugby club, Craigengower Cricket Club, Hong Kong FC football club, and a number of cemeteries including the Hong Kong Cemetery. History The area now known as Happy Valley was formerly known as Wong Nai Chung V ...
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Subterranean River
A subterranean river is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface – one where the riverbed does not represent the surface of the Earth. It is distinct from an aquifer, which may flow like a river but is contained within a permeable layer of rock or other unconsolidated materials. A river flowing below ground level in an open gorge is not classed as subterranean. Subterranean rivers may be entirely natural, flowing through cave systems. In karst topography, rivers may disappear through sinkholes, continuing underground. In some cases, they may emerge into daylight further downstream. The longest subterranean river in the world is the Sistema Sac Actun cave system in Mexico. Subterranean rivers can also be the result of covering over a river or diverting its flow into culverts, usually as part of urban development.Richard J. Heggen: Underground Rivers from the River Styx to the Rio San Buenaventura with Occasional Diversions'', University of New Mexico. Rever ...
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Subterranean Rivers Of London
The subterranean or underground rivers of London are or were the direct or indirect tributaries of the upper estuary of the Thames (the Tideway), that were built over during the growth of the metropolis of London. They now flow through culverts, with some of them now integral parts of London's sewerage system and diverted accordingly. Subterranean rivers in London North of the River Thames * Black Ditch * Hackney Brook * The River Moselle (all three subtributaries via the Lea) * Muswell Stream''London's Lost Rivers''
(2011) Paul Talling, Random House, pp148-150
(sub-sub-tributary via