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Submarine Warfare In The Black Sea Campaigns (1944)
Submarine warfare in the Black Sea in World War II during 1944 involved engagements between submarines of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet attacking Axis merchantmen, defended by Romanian and German naval warships, as well as German U-boats and Romanian submarines attacking Soviet merchants on the eastern Black Sea. Before the conclusion of the campaign, Romania joined the Allies after King Michael's Coup. These engagements were a part of the naval Black Sea campaigns. Background As during the first 1941 campaign, the 1942 campaign and the 1943 campaign, the Soviet Navy sent submarines against the Axis supply lines along the western coast of the Black Sea: at the beginning of the year however the Soviet Navy possessed only 16 operative submarines. German U-boats of the 30th U-boat Flotilla operated on the eastern sites of Black Sea, attacking Soviet targets. The Romanian Navy employed the newly built submarines NMS Marsuinul and NMS Rechinul but without scoring success. It also in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea Campaigns (1941-44)
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figurative language, figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages (historiography), Dark Ages versus Age of Enlightenment, and night versus day. Since the Middle Ages, black has been the symbolic color of solemnity and authority, and for this reason it is still commonly worn by judges and magistrates. Black was one of the first colors used by artists in Neolithic cave paintings. It was used in ancient Egypt and Greece as the color of the underworld. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently associated with death, evil, Witchcraft, witches, and Magic (supernatural), magic. In the 14th century, it was worn by royalty, clergy, judges, and government officials in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30th U-boat Flotilla
30th U-boat Flotilla ("30. Unterseebootsflottille") of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' was formed in October 1942. Six U-boats reached the Black Sea after a transport over land and canals ''The 30th Flotilla was founded in October 1942 under the command of Kptlt. Helmut Rosenbaum. The boats reached Constanza after a transport over land and canals. The operational area was limited to the Black Sea. Its history ended in September 1944, when the three last Flotillas boats U-19, U-20 and U-23 were scuttled on 10 and 11 September 1944 near the Turkish coast.'' – and operated from the harbours of Constanţa and Feodosiya from 1942 to 1944. History In the First World War, Imperial German submarines had been transported via rail to the Pola Flotilla based in the Adriatic. With Turkey as an ally of the Central Powers, the Imperial German Navy could also access the Black Sea via the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, where the Constantinople Flotilla was based. In the Second World War, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine Shch-215
Щ-215 (transliterated as ''Shch-215'' or sometimes ''SC-215'') was a Soviet Navy , Type X. She was built at the '' Sudostroytelnyi zavod imeny 61 kommunara'' in Mykolaiv, Ukrainian SSR, and entered service in October 1938 with the Soviet Black Sea fleet based at Sevastopol. Shch-215 survived the Second World War, was reclassified ''С-215'' (''S-215'' in the Roman alphabet) in 1949 and was decommissioned in 1955. ''Shch-215'' is notorious for an attack in February 1944 when she torpedoed and sank the motor schooner . ''Mefküre'' was carrying between 300 and 400 Jewish refugees, all but five of whom were killed. Wartime service On 9 October 1941, north of Cape Emine in Bulgaria, ''Shch-215'' attacked what she identified as a patrol vessel. The submarine fired a torpedo but it missed. On 18 November, east-north-east of Tsarevo, Bulgaria, ''Shch-215'' torpedoed and sank the Turkish steamship . On 20 June 1942, south of the mouth of the Sulina branch of the Danube Delta, ''Shc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-19 (1935)
German submarine ''U-19'' was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 20 July 1935, at the Germaniawerft of Kiel. She was launched on 21 December 1935, and commissioned on 16 January 1936, under the command of ''Kapitänleutnant'' Viktor Schütze. ''U-19'' conducted 20 patrols, sinking 15 ships totalling and 441 tons. On 1 May 1940, ''U-19'' was withdrawn from combat duty and used for training and as a school boat. She returned to active duty in the 30th U-boat Flotilla on 1 May 1942, after having been transported overland and along the Danube to the Black Sea. Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. ''U-19'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-24 (1936)
German submarine ''U-24'' was a Type IIB U-boat that was in service of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. She was laid down on 21 April 1936 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel with yard number 554, launched on 24 September and commissioned into the ''Kriegsmarine'' on 10 October. ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Heinz Buchholz took command on 3 July 1937. Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. ''U-24'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Submarine Marsuinul
Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional foods **Romanian folklore *Romanian (stage), a stage in the Paratethys The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys was a large shallow inland sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Paratethys was peculiar due to its pa ... stratigraphy of Central and Eastern Europe *'' The Romanian'' newspaper *'' The Romanian: Story of an Obsession'', a 2004 novel by Bruce Benderson * * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uragan-class Guard Ship
The ''Uragan''-class guard ships were built for the Soviet Navy as small patrol and escort ships. Eighteen were built in the 1930s and served during World War II in all four of the Soviet Fleets: Baltic, Black Sea, Northern and Pacific. Four were lost during the war and the rest remained in service until the late 1950s in various secondary roles. The official Soviet designation was Project 2, Project 4 and Project 39, but they were nicknamed the "Bad Weather Flotilla" by Soviet sailors by virtue of their meteorological names. Design By the mid-1920s the Soviet Navy wanted to replace the few old Tsarist torpedo boats that it had left acting as guard ships. The initial requirement was for a ship not to exceed , armed with two old guns, three torpedo tubes and could carry mines as necessary. It was to be powered by four Beardmore diesel engines imported from the United Kingdom, but this plan was thwarted by Soviet financial support for the miners during the 1926 United Kingdom ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-18 (1935)
German submarine ''U-18'' was a German Type II submarine#Type IIB, Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. It was Keel laying, laid down 10 July 1935 and Ship commissioning, commissioned on 4 January 1936. It served in many U-boat flotillas during its service. Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original German Type IIA submarine, Type IIs. ''U-18'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam (nautical), beam of , a height of , and a draught (ship), draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM GmbH, MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 Motor–generator, double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu
NMS ''Sublocotenent Ghiculescu'' was a specialized ASW gunboat of the Romanian Navy. Initially built as a French warship in late World War I, she was purchased by Romania in 1920 and fought during World War II, sinking two submarines and one motor torpedo boat. After 1 year of Soviet service, she was returned to Romania and served as a survey vessel until 2002. Construction and specifications ''Sublocotenent Ghiculescu'' was a gunboat of the French ''Friponne'' class. She was built at Arsenal de Brest, being launched in 1917 and commissioned by the French Navy as ''Mignonne'' in 1918. She was sold to Romania in January 1920. Like her sisters, the gunboat displaced between 344 and 443 tons, measuring 62.1 meters in length, with a beam of 7 meters and a deep-load draught of 2.9 meters. Power plant consisted of two Sulzer diesel engines powering two shafts, resulting in an output of 900 hp which gave her a top speed of 15 knots. She had a range of 3,000 nautical miles at 10 knots an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-23 (1936)
German submarine ''U-23'' was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'', built in Germaniawerft, Kiel. She was laid down on 11 April 1936 and commissioned on 24 September. Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. ''U-23'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . ''U-23'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-9 (1935)
German submarine ''U-9'' was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's '' Kriegsmarine''. Her keel was laid down on 8 February 1935, by Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 543. She was launched on 30 July 1935 and commissioned on 21 August, with ''Korvettenkapitän'' Hans-Günther Looff in command. ''U-9'' conducted 19 patrols under a series of commanders, including U-boat ace Wolfgang Lüth, sinking eight ships totalling and damaging another displacing 412 tons. This included the French Sirène class coastal submarine . She was sunk by Soviet bombs on 20 August 1944. Her wreck was later raised by the Soviets, repaired and recommissioned as TS-16 but was broken up in December 1946 because of her poor performance. Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. ''U-9'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Submarine U-20 (1936)
German submarine ''U-20'' was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine''. Her keel was laid down on 1 August 1935, by Germaniawerft of Kiel as yard number 550. She was commissioned on 1 February 1936. During World War II, she conducted operations against enemy shipping. ''U-20'' went on 16 war patrols, sinking 13 ships totalling and 9 tons , damaging one more of . Design German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. ''U-20'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was , however. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
