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Stylophthalmine Trait
The Stylophthalmine trait is an adaptation present in the larvae of several different species of actinopterygian fish. It is characterised by the development of elliptically shaped eyes, which are situated at the apex of long periscopic stalks extending from the larva's head. Stylophthalmine can be used as a general term to describe such larvae.King, D. (2014), "Looking through the deep - The Stylophthalmines and their amazing eyestalks", Life Nature Magazine, Jun 14, pp.18-19. The trait has developed as a result of convergent evolution at least 4 times in different groups of fish; twice in the family Myctophidae (in species of '' Myctophum'' and '' Symbolophorus''), and also in the families Stomiidae (genus ''Idiacanthus''), and Bathylagidae (''Bathylagus''). The work of Weihhs and Moser (1981) showed that the eye's elliptical shape allows a stylophthalmine to dramatically enlarge its field of view The field of view (FoV) is the extent of the observable world that is se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idiacanthus Fasciola1
''Idiacanthus'' is a genus of barbeled dragonfishes, the larvae of which are noted for exhibiting the Stylophthalmine trait. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Idiacanthus antrostomus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (Pacific blackdragon) * ''Idiacanthus atlanticus'' A. B. Brauer, 1906 (Black dragonfish) * '' Idiacanthus fasciola'' W. K. H. Peters, 1877 (Ribbon sawtail fish) Ecology Distribution and habitat Members of this genus have been found from the mesopelagic zone to the bathypelagic zone. ''Idiacanthus atlanticus'' is found in subtropical to temperate habitats, mainly in the southern hemisphere. ''Idiacanthus fasciola'' is more widely distributed, found in both North and South Atlantic as well as the Indo-Pacific and other areas. ''Idiacanthus antrostomus'' is mainly found in the Eastern Pacific. Reproduction The average fertile ''Idiacanthus fasciola'' female is known to hold approximately 14,000 eggs. Eggs found in the ovaries’ ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Larva
Ichthyoplankton (from Greek: ἰχθύς, , "fish"; and πλαγκτός, , "drifter") are the eggs and larvae of fish. They are mostly found in the sunlit zone of the water column, less than 200 metres deep, which is sometimes called the epipelagic or photic zone. Ichthyoplankton are planktonic, meaning they cannot swim effectively under their own power, but must drift with the ocean currents. Fish eggs cannot swim at all, and are unambiguously planktonic. Early stage larvae swim poorly, but later stage larvae swim better and cease to be planktonic as they grow into juveniles. Fish larvae are part of the zooplankton that eat smaller plankton, while fish eggs carry their own food supply. Both eggs and larvae are themselves eaten by larger animals. Fish can produce high numbers of eggs which are often released into the open water column. Fish eggs typically have a diameter of about . The newly hatched young of oviparous fish are called larvae. They are usually poorly formed, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinopterygian
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish). These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles). By species count, actinopterygians dominate the vertebrates, and they constitute nearly 99% of the over 30,000 species of fish. They are ubiquitous throughout freshwater and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from ''Paedocypris'', at , to the massive ocean sunfish, at , and the long-bodied oarfish, at . The vast majority of Actinopte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peduncle (anatomy)
A peduncle is an elongated stalk of tissue. Sessility is the state of not having a peduncle; a sessile mass or structure lacks a stalk. In medicine, a mass such as a cyst or polyp is said to be ''pedunculated'' if it is supported by a peduncle. There are in total three types of peduncles in the cerebellum of the human brain, known as superior cerebellar peduncle, middle cerebellar peduncle, and inferior cerebellar peduncle. Pedunculated eyes are also the defining attribute of the Stylophthalmine trait found in certain fish larvae. The caudal peduncle is a slightly narrowed part of a fish where the caudal fin meets the spine. See also *Peduncle (botany) In botany, a peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower, or, after fecundation, an infructescence or a solitary fruit. The peduncle sometimes has bracts (a type of cataphylls) at nodes. The main axis of an inflorescenc ... References Gross pathology {{anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas '' homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myctophum
''Myctophum'' is a genus of lanternfishes, some species of which, such as ''M. punctatum'' are noted for having the Stylophthalmine trait in their larval form. Species There are currently 16 recognized species in this genus: * '' Myctophum affine'' ( Lütken, 1892) (Metallic lantern fish) * ''Myctophum asperum'' J. Richardson, 1845 (Prickly lanternfish) * '' Myctophum aurolaternatum'' Garman, 1899 (Golden lanternfish) * '' Myctophum brachygnathum'' (Bleeker, 1856) (Short-jawed lanternfish) * '' Myctophum fissunovi'' Becker & Borodulina, 1971 * '' Myctophum indicum'' ( F. Day, 1877) * '' Myctophum lunatum'' Becker & Borodulina, 1978 * '' Myctophum lychnobium'' Bolin, 1946 * '' Myctophum nitidulum'' Garman, 1899 (Pearly lanternfish) * '' Myctophum obtusirostre'' Tåning, 1928 (Bluntsnout lanternfish) * '' Myctophum orientale'' ( C. H. Gilbert, 1913) (Oriental lanternfish) * '' Myctophum ovcharovi'' Tsarin, 1993 * '' Myctophum phengodes'' ( Lütken, 1892) (Bright lanternfish) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolophorus
''Symbolophorus'' is a genus of lanternfishes. It feeds on various small forms of sea life, in particular fish. Some species in this genus are known to exhibit the Stylophthalmine trait in their larval form Species There are currently eight recognized species in this genus: * '' Symbolophorus barnardi'' ( Tåning, 1932) (Barnard's lanternfish) * '' Symbolophorus boops'' ( J. Richardson, 1845) (Bogue lanternfish) * '' Symbolophorus californiensis'' ( C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889) (Bigfin lanternfish) * ''Symbolophorus evermanni ''Symbolophorus evermanni'' is a species of fish in the family Myctophidae. It is widely distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The specific name ''evermanni'' honors ichthyologist Barton Warren Evermann. It is also known as Evermann's la ...'' ( C. H. Gilbert, 1905) (Evermann's lanternfish) * '' Symbolophorus kreffti'' Hulley, 1981 * '' Symbolophorus reversus'' Gago & Ricord, 2005 (Reverse gland lanternfish) * '' Symbolophorus ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stomiidae
Stomiidae is a family of deep-sea ray-finned fish, including the barbeled dragonfishes. They are quite small, usually around 15 cm, up to 26 cm. These fish are apex predators and have enormous jaws filled with fang-like teeth. They are also able to hinge the neurocranium and upper-jaw system, which leads to the opening of the jaw to more than 100 degrees. This ability allows them to consume extremely large prey, often 50% greater than their standard length. Features It is one of the many species of deep-sea fish that can produce their own light through a chemical process known as bioluminescence. A special organ known as a photophore helps produce this light. The deep-sea dragonfishes have large heads, and mouths equipped with many sharp fang-like teeth. They have a long stringlike structure known as barbel, with a light-producing photophore at the tip, attached to their chin. They also have photophores attached along the sides of their body. A specific species of Stom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idiacanthus
''Idiacanthus'' is a genus of barbeled dragonfishes, the larvae of which are noted for exhibiting the Stylophthalmine trait. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Idiacanthus antrostomus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (Pacific blackdragon) * ''Idiacanthus atlanticus'' A. B. Brauer, 1906 (Black dragonfish) * '' Idiacanthus fasciola'' W. K. H. Peters, 1877 (Ribbon sawtail fish) Ecology Distribution and habitat Members of this genus have been found from the mesopelagic zone to the bathypelagic zone The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above, and the abyssopelagic below. The bathypelagi .... ''Idiacanthus atlanticus'' is found in subtropical to temperate habitats, mainly in the southern hemisphere. ''Idiacanthus fasciola'' is more widely distributed, found in both North and South Atlantic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathylagidae
The deep-sea smelts are any members of the family (biology), family Bathylagidae, a distinct group of marine smelts. Deep-sea smelts are marine fishes found in deep waters throughout the oceans, down to in depth. They are small fishes, growing up to long. They feed on plankton, especially krill. References * Bathylagidae, Deep sea fish {{Argentiniformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathylagus
''Bathylagus'' is a genus of deep-sea smelts, some species of which are noted for having stylophthalmine larvae. Species The seven recognized, extant species in this genus are: * '' Bathylagus andriashevi'' Kobyliansky, 1986 * '' Bathylagus antarcticus'' Günther, 1878 (Antarctic deepsea smelt) * '' Bathylagus euryops'' Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 (goiter blacksmelt) * '' Bathylagus gracilis'' Lönnberg, 1905 * '' Bathylagus niger'' Kobyliansky, 2006 * '' Bathylagus pacificus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1890 (slender blacksmelt) * '' Bathylagus tenuis'' Kobyliansky, 1986 In addition, there exists a species '' Bathylagus milleri'' (owlfish) in the deep sea at Monterey Bay Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area and its major city at the south of the bay, San Jose. San Francisco itself is further north along the coast, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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