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Stenström Technique
The Stenström technique or method is otoplastic surgery (otoplasty) for pinning protruding ears. The method belongs together with the Mustardé technique and the Converse technique to the traditional or conventional otoplasties. History The technique of this surgery was described by Stenström in 1963 and was slightly altered by him in 1973. Surgical method This is a plastic surgery of the antihelix that is carried out with the scratch or scoring technique. Underlying this method is the evidence that the cartilage bends itself convexly to the opposite side after scratching or scoring. A long incision is made on the back of the ear and a strip of skin is removed. Through an incision in the cartilage in the cauda helicis (lower end of the ear cartilage) or in the scapha the skin, together with the perichondrium is raised on the anterior surface of the antihelix. A rasp is inserted in the resulting skin-perichondrium tunnel to blindly score or scratch the cartilage of the ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otoplasty
Otoplasty ( el, οὖς, , "ear" + , , "to shape") denotes the surgical and non-surgical procedures for correcting the deformities and defects of the pinna (external ear), and for reconstructing a defective, or deformed, or absent external ear, consequent to congenital conditions (e.g. microtia, anotia, etc.) and trauma (blunt, penetrating, or blast). The otoplastic surgeon corrects the defect or deformity by creating an external ear that is of natural proportions, contour, and appearance, usually achieved by the reshaping, the moving, and the augmenting of the cartilaginous support framework of the pinna. Moreover, the occurrence of congenital ear deformities occasionally overlaps with other medical conditions (e.g. Treacher Collins syndrome and hemifacial microsomia). History Antiquity Otoplasty (surgery of the ear) was developed in ancient India in the 5th century BC, and described in the medical compendium, the (Sushruta's Compendium, ). The book discussed otoplastic and oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustardé Technique
The Mustardé technique is an otoplastic surgery (otoplasty) for pinning protruding ears. The method belongs together with the Stenström and Converse methods to the traditional otoplasties. It is antihelix plastic surgery performed with the suturing technique. History The technique of this surgery was first described by Mustardé in 1960. Further publications by him appeared in 1963 and 1967. Surgical procedure The Mustardé technique involves making a long incision on the back of the ear and removing a strip of skin. The skin is dissected from the cartilage between he edge of the ear (''helix'') and the place where the ear is attached to the head ('' sulcus posterior''), thus exposing the cartilage on the back of the ear. It is therefore assigned to the open ear pinning methods. The antihelix fold is bent more strongly or formed anew with mattress sutures that are anchored in the cartilage. The cartilage is left completely intact, that is, it is not scored, cut or excised as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Converse Technique
The Converse technique, together with the Mustardé technique and Stenström technique, belongs to the standard methods of traditional otoplasty Otoplasty ( el, οὖς, , "ear" + , , "to shape") denotes the surgical and non-surgical procedures for correcting the deformities and defects of the pinna (external ear), and for reconstructing a defective, or deformed, or absent external ear, co .... Numerous variations for pinning ears have been derived from them. History Converse described his method in 1955J. M. CONVERSE, A. NIGRO, F. A. WILSON, N. JOHNSON: ''A technique for surgical correction of lop ears.'' In: ''Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (1946).'' Band 15, Nummer 5, Mai 1955, S. 411–418, . and 1963.J. M. CONVERSE: ''CONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE IN CONGENITAL MICROTIA.'' In: ''Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.'' Band 32, Oktober 1963, S. 425–438, . Surgical procedure This antihelix plastic surgery is performed with the incision-suture technique. A long i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antihelix
The antihelix (anthelix) is a part of the visible ear; the pinna. The antihelix is a curved prominence of cartilage parallel with and in front of the helix on the pinna. The antihelix divides above into two ''legs'' or crura; the ''crura antihelicis'', between which is a triangular depression, the ''fossa triangularis''. Additional images File:Gray906.png, The muscles of the auricula. File:Earcov.JPG, Left human ear An ear is the organ that enables hearing and, in mammals, body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of ... File:Slide2COR.JPG, External ear. Right auricle. Lateral view. File:Slide3COR.JPG, External ear. Right auricle. Lateral view. File:Slide4COR.JPG, External ear. Right auricle. Lateral view. External links * () (#5) Auditory system {{anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scapha
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head. It is also called the pinna (Latin for "wing" or "fin", plural pinnae), a term that is used more in zoology. Structure The diagram shows the shape and location of most of these components: * ''antihelix'' forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are: ** ''Superior crus'' (to the left of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) ** ''Inferior crus'' (to the right of the ''fossa triangularis'' in the diagram) * ''Antitragus'' is below the ''tragus'' * ''Aperture'' is the entrance to the ear canal * ''Auricular sulcus'' is the depression behind the ear next to the head * ''Concha'' is the hollow next to the ear canal * Conchal angle is the angle that the back of the ''concha'' makes with the side of the head * ''Crus'' of the helix is just above the ''tragus'' * ''Cymba conchae'' is the narrowest end of the ''concha'' * External auditory meatus is the ear canal * ''Fossa triangularis'' is the depress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perichondrium
The perichondrium (from Greek el, περί, peri, around, label=none and el, χόνδρος, chondros, cartilage, label=none) is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone. It consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibres. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts. Perichondrium can be found around the perimeter of elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage. Perichondrium is a type of irregular collagenous ordinary connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Perichondrium contains type I collagen Type I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body. It forms large, eosinophilic fibers known as collagen fibers. It is present in scar tissue, the end product when tissue heals by repair, as well as tendons, ligaments, the endomy ... and type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertrophic Scar
A hypertrophic scar is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids. Like keloids, they form most often at the sites of pimples, body piercings, cuts and burns. They often contain nerves and blood vessels. They generally develop after thermal or traumatic injury that involves the deep layers of the dermis and express high levels of TGF-β. Cause Mechanical tension on a wound has been identified as a leading cause for hypertrophic scar formation. When a normal wound heals, the body produces new collagen fibers at a rate which balances the breakdown of old collagen. Hypertrophic scars are red and thick and may be itchy or painful. They do not extend beyond the boundary of the original wound, but may continue to thicken for up to six months. Hypertrophic scars usually improve over one or two years, but may cause distress due to their appearance or the intensity of the itc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keloid
Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color. A keloid scar is benign and not contagious, but sometimes accompanied by severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture. In severe cases, it can affect movement of skin. In the United States keloid scars are seen 15 times more frequently in people of sub-Saharan African descent than in people of European descent. There is a higher tendency to develop a keloid among those with a family history of keloids and people between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Keloids should not be confused wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necrosis
Necrosis () is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal. Cellular death due to necrosis does not follow the apoptotic signal transduction pathway, but rather various receptors are activated and result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and an uncontrolled release of products of cell death into the extracellular space. This initiates in the surrounding tissue an inflammatory response, which attracts leukocytes and nearby phagocytes which eliminate the dead cells by phagocytosis. However, microbial damaging substances released by leukocytes would crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perichondritis
Perichondritis is inflammation of the perichondrium, a layer of connective tissue which surrounds cartilage. A common form, auricular perichondritis (''perichondritis auriculae'') involves infection of the pinna due to infection of traumatic or surgical wound or the spread of inflammation into depth (e.g. Infected transcartilaginous ear piercings). It may lead to severe deformation of the pinna if not treated vigorously with IV antibiotics. The causative organism is usually ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''. A rare form is laryngeal perichondritis (''perichondritis laryngis''). It develops suddenly due to an injury, virulent organisms or compromised immune status of the host, and also affects cartilage of the larynx. This may result in deformations and stenoses. Signs and symptoms Signs of perichondritis or chondritis in patients with an embedded earring are similar (these include pain, swelling and erythema of the overlying skin) and fluctuant swelling indicate an abscess th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
