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Steganocerus Multipunctatus
''Steganocerus multipunctatus'' Thunberg 1783, or ladybird bug, is a Sub-Saharan African member of the Hemiptera with a strong resemblance to a Ladybird. It is normally black with bright orange spots, but is quite variable in colour and may be brown without spots. It shares Müllerian mimicry with the Tortoise beetle '' Chiridopsis suffriani'', and a spider ''Paraplectana thorntoni''. ''S. multipunctatus'' is one of the Rhynchota whose presence has been recorded on a wide range of indigenous plants and cultivated crops such as cotton.http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19260500610.html;jsessionid=3A2214C8CB10B9790C8B4903A073D036 References External linksImages on Project Noah [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Müllerian Mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimic each other's honest warning signals, to their mutual benefit. The benefit to Müllerian mimics is that predators only need one unpleasant encounter with one member of a set of Müllerian mimics, and thereafter avoid all similar coloration, whether or not it belongs to the same species as the initial encounter. It is named after the German naturalist Fritz Müller, who first proposed the concept in 1878, supporting his theory with the first mathematical model of frequency-dependent selection, one of the first such models anywhere in biology. Müllerian mimicry was first identified in tropical butterflies that shared colourful wing patterns, but it is found in many groups of insects such as bumblebees, and other animals including poison frogs and coral snakes. The mimicry need not be visual; for example, many snakes share a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odo Morannal Reuter
Odo Morannal Reuter (28 April 1850 – 2 September 1913) was a Swedo-Finnish zoologist and poet. Early life He was born in Åbo on 28 April 1850, and died there on 2 September 1913. Reuter became a student at the University of Helsinki in 1867. He gained his master's degree in 1873, followed by a doctorate in 1877, when he became an associate professor of zoology. Career Reuter was a hemipterist, a specialist in mirid plant bugs, becoming the world's leading expert in this group at his time. He coined the term "parasitoid" to describe the way of life of species such as many wasps which feed on but do not immediately kill their prey.Reuter, O.M. (1913). ''Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten'' (Berlin: Friendlander). Later life He formally retired in 1910 due to long-term health problems. His enthusiasm remained, and in 1911, despite his blindness, he published ''Nattens sånger'' (Night's Songs) describing the experiences of his latter years. He died on 2 Septembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dated back ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchota
Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as ants, bees, beetles, or butterflies. In some variations of English, all terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belong to other orders; for example, the lovebug is a Diptera, fly and the May bug, Maybug and Coccinellidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraplectana Thorntoni
''Paraplectana'' is a genus of Asian and African orb-weaver spiders first described by F. de Brito Capello in 1867. Species it contains thirteen species: *'' Paraplectana coccinella'' ( Thorell, 1890) – Myanmar, Indonesia (Nias Is.) *'' Paraplectana duodecimmaculata'' Simon, 1897 – Indonesia (Java) *'' Paraplectana gravelyi'' ( Tikader, 1961) – India *'' Paraplectana hemisphaerica'' ( C. L. Koch, 1844) – Sierra Leone *'' Paraplectana kittenbergeri'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania *'' Paraplectana multimaculata'' Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, East Africa *'' Paraplectana rajashree'' Ahmed, Sumukha, Khalap, Mohan & Jadhav, 2015 – India *'' Paraplectana sakaguchii'' Uyemura, 1938 – China, Korea, Japan *'' Paraplectana thorntoni'' (Blackwall, 1865) – Central Africa, Yemen **'' Paraplectana t. occidentalis'' Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline *Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiridopsis Suffriani
''Chiridopsis'' is a genus of leaf beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. Selected species * ''Chiridopsis atricollis'' Borowiec, 2005 * ''Chiridopsis aubei'' (Boheman, 1855) * ''Chiridopsis bipunctata'' * ''Chiridopsis boutereli'' Spaeth, 1917 * ''Chiridopsis defecta'' Medvedev & Eroshkina, 1988 * ''Chiridopsis ghatei'' Borowiec & Swietojanska, 2000 * ''Chiridopsis levis'' Borowiec, 2005 * ''Chiridopsis maculata'' Borowiec, 2005 * ''Chiridopsis marginepunctata'' Borowiec, 2005 * ''Chiridopsis nigropunctata'' Borowiec & Ghate, 1999 * ''Chiridopsis nigroreticulata'' Borowiec, 2005 * ''Chiridopsis nigrosepta'' (Fairmaire, 1891) * ''Chiridopsis punctata ''Chiridopsis punctata'' is a species of leaf beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. Description ''Chiridopsis punctata'' can reach a length of about and a width of about , The body is almost circular, with wide explanate margins of th ...'' (Weber, 1801 * ''Chiridopsis rubromaculata'' Borowiec, Ranade, Rane & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortoise Beetle
The Cassidinae (tortoise and leaf-mining beetles) are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. The antennae arise close to each other and some members have the pronotal and elytral edges extended to the side and covering the legs so as to give them the common name of tortoise beetles. Some members, such as in the tribe Hispini, are notable for the spiny outgrowths to the pronotum and elytra. Description The "cassidoids" have a rounded outline with the edges of the pronotum and elytra expanded, spreading out to cover the legs and head. They are often colourful and metallic, with ornate sculpturing; a few species have the ability to change the colour due to water movements within the translucent cuticle. All members of the subfamily have the mouthparts reduced into a cavity in the head capsule, the legs have four segmented tarsi. The hispoids have larvae that are leaf miners, while the cassidoids feed on the plant surfaces, sometimes covering their bodies with faecal shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccinellidae
Coccinellidae () is a widespread family of small beetles ranging in size from . They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in Great Britain. Some entomologists prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles as they are not true bugs. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they are distasteful. The majority of the more than 6,000 described species are generally considered beneficial insects, because many prey on herbivorous hemipterans such as aphids or scale insects, which are agricultural pests. Many coccinellids lay their eggs directly in aphid and scale insect colonies, ensuring their larvae have an immediate food source. However, some species such as the herbivorous Mexican bean beetle are agricultural pests. Etymology The name ''coccinellids'', created by Pierre André Latreille, is derived from the Latin word ''coccineus'' meaning "scarlet". The na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod
Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arthropod cuticle, cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an exoskeleton, external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species. The haemocoel, an arthropod's internal cavity, through which its haemolymph – analogue of blood – circulates, accommodates its interior Organ (anatomy), organs; it has an open circulatory system. Like their exteriors, the internal or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa, African countries and territories that are situated fully in that specified region, the term may also include polities that only have part of their territory located in that region, per the definition of the United Nations (UN). This is considered a non-standardized geographical region with the number of countries included varying from 46 to 48 depending on the organization describing the region (e.g. UN, WHO, World Bank, etc.). The Regions of the African Union, African Union uses a different regional breakdown, recognizing all 55 member states on the continent - grouping them into 5 distinct and standard regions. The term serves as a grouping counterpart to North Africa, which is instead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus". Early life Thunberg was born and grew up in Jönköping, Sweden. At the age of 18, he entered Uppsala University where he was taught by Carl Linnaeus, regarded as the "father of modern taxonomy". Thunberg graduated in 1767 after 6 years of studying. To deepen his knowledge in botany, medicine and natural history, he was encouraged by Linnaeus in 1770 to travel to Paris and Amsterdam. In Amsterdam and Leiden Thunberg met the Dutch botanist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
