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Spanish Conquest Of Navarre
The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by his grandson and successor Charles V in a series of military campaigns lasting from 1512 to 1524. Ferdinand was both the king of Aragon and regent of Castile in 1512. When Pope Julius II declared a Holy League against France in late 1511, Navarre attempted to remain neutral. Ferdinand used this as an excuse to attack Navarre, conquering it while its potential protector, France, was beset by England, Venice, and Ferdinand's own Italian armies. Several attempts were made to reconquer Iberian Navarre immediately following the Castilian invasion. There was a half-hearted attempt in 1516 and a full-fledged Franco-Navarrese campaign in 1521. All attempts were defeated by the Spanish and clashes came to a halt in 1528, when Spanish troops withdrew from Lower Navarre north of the Pyrenees. The Treaty of Cambrai between Spain and France in 1529 sealed the division of Navarre along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The League Of Cambrai
The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and several other names, was fought from February 1508 to December 1516 as part of the Italian Wars of 1494–1559. The main participants of the war, who fought for its entire duration, were France, the Papal States, and the Republic of Venice; they were joined at various times by nearly every significant power in Western Europe, including Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, the Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Florence, the Duchy of Ferrara, and the Swiss. The war started with the ''Italienzug'' of Maximilian I, King of the Romans, crossing into Venetian territory in February 1508 with his army on the way to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in Rome. Meanwhile, Pope Julius II, intending to curb Venetian influence in northern Italy, brought together the League of Cambrai — an anti-Venetian alliance consisting of him, Maximilian I, Louis XII of France, and Ferdinand II of Aragon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Navarre
Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the northernmost ''merindad'' of the Kingdom of Navarre during the Middle Ages. After the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre (1512–24), this ''merindad'' was restored to the rule of the native king, Henry II. Its capitals were Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and Saint-Palais. In the extreme north there was the little sovereign Principality of Bidache, with an area of and a decreasing population of 44,450 (in 1901), 25,356 (in 1990). Although this denomination is not completely correct from the historical point of view, it is also known as ''Merindad de Ultrapuertos'' ("the regions beyond the mountain passes") by the southerners, and ''Deça-ports'' ("this side of the mountain passes") by the Gascon-speakers. Despite its lost administrative cohe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John, Prince Of Asturias
John, Prince of Asturias and Girona ( es, Juan; 30 June 1478 – 4 October 1497), was the only son of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, and heir-apparent to both their thrones for nearly his entire life. Early life John was born in Seville in 1478 the son of sovereigns of Castile, Isabella I and Ferdinand V (also Ferdinand II of Aragon). At the time, his parents were involved in the War of Castilian Succession against Isabella's niece Juana la Beltraneja, wife of King Afonso V of Portugal. John's birth helped consolidate Isabella's position as a sovereign. At the time of his birth, he had one elder sister Isabella; his younger sisters were Joanna, Maria, and Catherine. The Catholic monarchs won the war against the King and Queen of Portugal. To negotiate a peace settlement with Isabella, King Afonso sent Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu. The two women met in March 1479. Beatrice was Afonso's sister-in-law and Isabella's maternal aunt. By ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre De Foix, Le Jeune
Peter of Foix the Younger ( Fr.: ''Pierre de Foix, le jeune'') (7 February 1449 – 10 August 1490) (called the Cardinal of Foix) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Pierre de Foix was born in Pau on February 7, 1449, the son of Gaston IV, Count of Foix, and his wife Eleanor of Navarre. He was the nephew of Louis XI of France and the grand-nephew of Cardinal Pierre de Foix, ''le vieux''. He studied at Paris and then at the University of Ferrara, from which he studied under Felino Maria Sandeo in the course of receiving a doctorate in law. After graduation, he traveled to Rome, where he delivered an oration before Pope Paul II and the College of Cardinals. He joined the Order of the Friars Minor at this time. The pope made him a protonotary apostolic. On May 17, 1475, he was elected Bishop of Vannes. Pope Sixtus IV confirmed his appointment on March 11, 1476 and Foix subsequently occupied this see until his death. On July 31, 1475, he was also nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laguardia, Álava
Laguardia ( eu, Guardia) is a town and municipality located in the southern province of Álava, in the north of Spain; it belongs to the region of Rioja Alavesa, in the Basque Autonomous Community. It has a population of 1,500; but in the past it had 2,500. The place lies over a hill and it is surrounded by a wall that the King Sancho the Strong ordered to build. There are still preserved five different entries to access the city. Their names are: ''Mercadal'', ''Carnicerías'' (Butchers), ''Páganos'', ''San Juan'' and ''Santa Engracia''. Additionally, the streets and surroundings of Laguardia still keep a medieval atmosphere that give the city an ancient touch. Regarding the economy, its main strength is the wine industry. Indeed, the wine is elaborated and processed in numerous wineries. Toponym During the Middle Ages, it appeared with names such as ''Leguarda, Giardia, Guard, Guoardia, Lagarde,'' and ''Laguoardia'' until the current name was finally fixed. Indeed, the full a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Arcos
Los Arcos is a town and Spanish municipality, in the Chartered Community of Navarre, situated in the administrative division of Estella, in the region of East Estella and is 62 km from the capital of the community, Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above .... Its population in 2013 was 1182 inhabitants (INE). (Arkoeta in euskera) Economy The workforce mainly lives of agriculture, although workers are very much divided between the primary and secondary sectors: :* 35% Primary sector :* 40% Secondary sector :* 25% Commerce and services sectors. : Agriculture is the main dedication of its inhabitants. It presents typical Mediterranean characteristics, such as vine and olive cultivation. Both wheat and barley and vine are cultivated both in rainfed and irriga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis De Beaumont, 2nd Count De Lerín
Louis of Beaumont (c. 1430 – 1508) was a noble in the Kingdom of Navarre. He was the 2nd Count of Lerín in southern Navarre, Marquis of Huesca, and Constable (''condestable'') of Navarre. Career Louis prospered initially due to much of the civil strife following the War of the Bands in the Basque territories of Castile and Navarre, present-day northern Spain. He was at times a strong supporter of Ferdinand II of Aragon in the dynastic struggles between Ferdinand II of Aragon against his son in law, Philip I of Castile. He became the head of the Beaumont faction in Navarre. He reportedly assassinated Felipe de Navarra, Marshal of the Kingdom, in 1479. In a treaty between the Navarrese monarchs and King Ferdinand II, Ferdinand promised to stop warring on Navarre or Béarn, Louis would hand over some strategic fortresses in exchange for new lands in Granada. However, when Louis refused to surrender the castle of Viana in 1506, the crown decided to crush the rebellious count f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Viana
The Prince or Princess of Viana ( es, Príncipe de Viana, eu, Vianako Printzea) is one of the titles of the heir of the Crown of Spain. Other associated titles originate from the rest of the kingdoms that formed Spain: Prince of Asturias, Prince of Girona, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera and Lord of Balaguer. History Originally it was the title of the heir of the Kingdom of Navarre. It was instituted by Charles III for his grandson Charles, born of the marriage between his daughter Blanche I of Navarre and John II of Aragon. The title was used also for Gaston, the son and heir of Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV of Foix. Its creation and use was a reflection of a Western European trend of bestowing upon the heirs of a kingdom rents for his personal benefit. In pre-unification Spain, the comparable titles were Prince of Asturias, in Castile and Prince of Girona, in Aragon. In other European states, similar titles included Dauphin, in France, Prince of Beira or Prince o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdalena Of France
Madeleine of France, also called Magdalena of Valois (1 December 1443 – 21 January 1495), was a French princess who became Princess of Viana by marriage to Gaston, Prince of Viana, Gaston of Foix. She was the regent of Navarre between 1479 and 1494 during the minority of her two children, each of whom became monarchs of Navarre: Francis I of Navarre, Francis I and Catherine I of Navarre, Catherine I. Life She was born at Tours, a younger daughter of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou. Magdalena was betrothed to Ladislaus the Posthumous, but he died suddenly in Prague on 23 November 1457 while preparing for his marriage. It was rumored at the time that his political opponents in Bohemia had poisoned him; but in the 20th century it was proved that Ladislaus died of leukemia, not a recognized disease in that period. She instead married Gaston, Prince of Viana, son and heir of Gaston IV of Foix and Eleanor of Navarre, at Saint-Jean-d'Angély in 1461. Regent of Navarre Her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salic Law
The Salic law ( or ; la, Lex salica), also called the was the ancient Frankish civil law code compiled around AD 500 by the first Frankish King, Clovis. The written text is in Latin and contains some of the earliest known instances of Old Dutch. It remained the basis of Frankish law throughout the early Medieval period, and influenced future European legal systems. The best-known tenet of the old law is the principle of exclusion of women from inheritance of thrones, fiefs, and other property. The Salic laws were arbitrated by a committee appointed and empowered by the King of the Franks. Dozens of manuscripts dating from the sixth to eighth centuries and three emendations as late as the ninth century have survived. Salic law provided written codification of both civil law, such as the statutes governing inheritance, and criminal law, such as the punishment for murder. Although it was originally intended as the law of the Franks, it has had a formative influence on the trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Foix, Viscount Of Narbonne
John of Foix (1450 – 1500, Étampes, France) was a younger son of Count Gaston IV of Foix and Queen Eleanor of Navarre. His elder brother was Gaston, Prince of Viana. Life He received the Viscounty of Narbonne from his father. He was on good terms with both Louis XI of France and Louis XII of France. He married Marie of Orléans, sister of Louis XII, in 1483. They had two children: * Germaine of Foix (1488–1536), who married Ferdinand II of Aragon, and whose relationship to the Navarrese throne was used as an excuse by Ferdinand to claim the throne of Navarre. * Gaston of Foix (1489–1512), who served as a general for his uncle Louis XII, dying at the Battle of Ravenna in Italy. Following the death of his nephew, King Francis of Navarre in 1483, John claimed Navarre as the next male in the succession, challenging Francis' sister and heiress, Queen Catherine. Although the Salic law had never been enforced in the Kingdom of Navarre, the result of this claim was a civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Country (greater Region)
The Basque Country ( eu, Euskal Herria; es, País Vasco; french: Pays basque) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. Trask, R.L. ''The History of Basque'' Routledge: 1997 The Basque country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. ''Euskal Herria'' is the oldest documented Basque name for the area they inhabit, dating from the 16th century. It comprises the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France. The region is home to the Basque people ( eu, Euskaldunak), their language ( eu, Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has ruled against scholarly books that include the Navarre c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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