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Space Program
A space program is an organized effort by a government or a company with a goal related to outer space. Lists of space programs include: * List of government space agencies * List of private spaceflight companies * List of human spaceflight programs * List of space programs of the United States * List of uncrewed spacecraft by program Here is an incomplete list of all uncrewed spacecraft categorized by program. See also * Timeline of Solar System exploration This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordered by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: *All spacecraft ... {{DEFAULTSORT:Space programs Space programs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outer Space
Outer space, commonly shortened to space, is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and its atmosphere and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty—it is a near-perfect vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature of outer space, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is . The plasma between galaxies is thought to account for about half of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in the universe, having a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a kinetic temperature of millions of kelvins. Local concentrations of matter have condensed into stars and galaxies. Studies indicate that 90% of the mass in most galaxies is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Observations s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Government Space Agencies
This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration. As of 2022, 77 different government space agencies are in existence, 16 of which have launch capabilities. Six government space agencies—the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the (US) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Russian State Space Corporation "Roscosmos" — have full launch capabilities (ability to launch and recover multiple satellites, develop and deploy cryogenic rocket engines and operate space probes) and extraterrestrial landing capabilities. The name given is the English version, with the native language version below. The acronym given is the most common acronym: this can either be the acronym of the English version (e.g. JAXA), or the acronym in the native language. Where there are multiple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Private Spaceflight Companies
This article is a list of non-governmental, or privately owned, entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. The list includes both inactive and active entities. Commercial astronauts * Association of Spaceflight Professionals — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support ( Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps'' Springer-Verlag: New York (2012). Manufacturers of space vehicles Cargo transport vehicles Crew transport vehicles Orbital :''* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures'' Suborbital :''* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures'' Launch vehicle manufacturers Landers, rovers and orbiters Research craft and tech demonstrators Propulsion manufacturers Satellite launchers Space- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Human Spaceflight Programs
Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. , three countries (Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China) and one private company (SpaceX) have launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies (Scaled Composites and Blue Origin) have launched humans on a suborbital trajectory. The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines spaceflight as any flight over . In the United States professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of are awarded the United States Astronaut Badge. This article follows the FAI definition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Space Programs Of The United States
The United States has developed many space programs since the beginning of the spaceflight era in the mid-20th century. The United States Government delivers space program solutions from three primary agencies: NASA for civil space; DoD for Military space; and the Intelligence Community for specific space-based Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance assets. These entities have invested significant resources over decades to advance technological approaches to meet specific program objectives. In the late 1980s, commercial interests emerged pursuing space solutions and have expanded dramatically especially with the significant investments made in the last 10–15 years. NASA delivers the most visible elements of the U.S. space portfolio. From crewed space exploration and the Apollo 11 landing on the moon, to the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, Voyager, the Mars Rovers, many space telescopes, and the Artemis program, NASA delivers on the civil space exploration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Uncrewed Spacecraft By Program
Here is an incomplete list of all uncrewed spacecraft categorized by program. See also * Timeline of Solar System exploration This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordered by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: *All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), includ ... * Lists of spacecraft {{Use American English, date=January 2014 Uncrewed spacecraft by program * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
