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Southern Union Co. V. United States
''Southern Union Co. v. United States'', 567 U.S. 343 (2012), was a Supreme Court decision that applied the rule set out in ''Apprendi v. New Jersey''—that certain non-conviction elements of a crime must be proved to a jury—to criminal penalties. The 6–3 decision was authored by Justice Sonia Sotomayor. Background Southern Union Company was convicted of storing hazardous liquid mercury without a permit, "on or about September 19, 2002 to October 19, 2004," in violation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The jury was not asked to determine the exact duration of the violation. In sentencing, the probation office set a maximum fine of $38.1 million, calculated by assessing the $50,000 maximum daily fine for each of the 762 days between September 19, 2002, and October 19, 2004. Respondent appealed on the basis that the jury never determined the exact duration of the violation. The Court of Appeals for the First Circuit upheld the sentence, agreeing that the jury h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States District Court For The District Of Rhode Island
The United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island (in case citations, D.R.I.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Rhode Island. The District Court was created in 1790 when Rhode Island ratified the Constitution. The Federal Courthouse was built in 1908. Appeals from the District of Rhode Island are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The United States Attorney for the District of Rhode Island represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. the United States Attorney is Zachary A. Cunha. Legislative history The United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island was established on June 23, 1790, by . Congress authorized one judgeship for the Court, and assigned the district to the Eastern Circuit. On February 13, 1801, the outgoing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Cir
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and record producer Albums * ''1st'' (album), a 1983 album by Streets * ''1st'' (Rasmus EP), a 1995 EP by The Rasmus, frequently identified as a single * '' 1ST'', a 2021 album by SixTones * ''First'' (Baroness EP), an EP by Baroness * ''First'' (Ferlyn G EP), an EP by Ferlyn G * ''First'' (David Gates album), an album by David Gates * ''First'' (O'Bryan album), an album by O'Bryan * ''First'' (Raymond Lam album), an album by Raymond Lam * ''First'', an album by Denise Ho Songs * "First" (Cold War Kids song), a song by Cold War Kids * "First" (Lindsay Lohan song), a song by Lindsay Lohan * "First", a song by Everglow from ''Last Melody'' * "First", a song by Lauren Daigle * "First", a song by Niki & Gabi * "First", a song by Jonas Brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certiorari
In law, ''certiorari'' is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. ''Certiorari'' comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review. The term is Latin for "to be made certain", and comes from the opening line of such writs, which traditionally began with the Latin words "''Certiorari volumus''..." ("We wish to be made certain..."). Derived from the English common law, ''certiorari'' is prevalent in countries utilising, or influenced by, the common law''.'' It has evolved in the legal system of each nation, as court decisions and statutory amendments are made. In modern law, ''certiorari'' is recognized in many jurisdictions, including England and Wales (now called a "quashing order"), Canada, India, Ireland, the Philippines and the United States. With the expansion of administrative law in the 19th and 20th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apprendi V
''Apprendi v. New Jersey'', 530 U.S. 466 (2000), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision with regard to aggravating factors in crimes. The Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, incorporated against the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, prohibited judges from enhancing criminal sentences beyond statutory maxima based on facts other than those decided by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. The decision has been a cornerstone in the modern resurgence in jury trial rights. As Justice Scalia noted in his concurring opinion, the jury-trial right "has never been efficient; but it has always been free." The ''Apprendi'' decision was subsequently cited as precedent by the court in its consideration of ''Ring v. Arizona'' (2002), which struck down Arizona's judge-only method of imposing the death penalty, and also in ''Blakely v. Washington'' (2004), which ruled that mandatory state sentencing guidelines are the statutory maximum for purposes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SCOTUS
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. Federal tribunals in the United States, federal court cases, and over State court (United States), state court cases that involve a point of Law of the United States, federal law. It also has Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States, original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of Judicial review in the United States, judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution of the United States, Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Maria Sotomayor (, ; born June 25, 1954) is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on May 26, 2009, and has served since August 8, 2009. She is the third woman, first woman of color, the first Hispanic, and first Latina to serve on the Supreme Court. Sotomayor was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Puerto Rican-born parents. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated '' summa cum laude'' from Princeton University in 1976 and received her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1979, where she was an editor at the ''Yale Law Journal''. She worked as an assistant district attorney in New York for four and a half years before entering private practice in 1984. She played an active role on the boards of directors for the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, the State of New York Mortgage Agency, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Union Company
Southern Union Company was a natural gas utility and energy resources company based in Houston, Texas. In 2012, the company was acquired by Energy Transfer Partners. The company owned and operated more than of gathering and transportation pipelines that transported natural gas from major producing areas to major markets in the Southeast, Midwest, and Great Lakes regions. It also owned a large liquefied natural gas import terminal. Southern Union Gas Services, with approximately 5,500 miles of pipelines, was engaged in the gathering, transmission, treating, processing and re-delivery of natural gas and natural gas liquids in Texas and New Mexico. History The company was founded in 1929 by Clint Murchison Sr. as Wink Gas Co., a pipeline and utility company. In February 1990, Metro Mobile CTS, controlled by billionaire George Lindemann, acquired the company for $175 million. In 1991, the Arizona operations were sold to Citizens Utilities. The company acquired pipeline assets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resource Conservation And Recovery Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), enacted in 1976, is the principal federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.United States. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. , , ''et seq.,'' October 21, 1976. History and goals Congress enacted RCRA to address the increasing problems the nation faced from its growing volume of municipal and industrial waste. RCRA was an amendment of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965. The act set national goals for: * Protecting human health and the natural environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal. * Energy conservation and natural resources. * Reducing the amount of waste generated, through source reduction and recycling * Ensuring the management of waste in an environmentally sound manner. The RCRA program is a joint federal and state endeavor, with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) providing basic requirements that states then adopt, adapt, and enforce. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Appeals For The First Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (in case citations, 1st Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts: * District of Maine * District of Massachusetts * District of New Hampshire * District of Puerto Rico * District of Rhode Island The court is based at the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse in Boston, Massachusetts. Most sittings are held in Boston, where the court usually sits for one week most months of the year; in one of July or August, it takes a summer break and does not sit. The First Circuit also sits for one week each March and November at the Jose V. Toledo Federal Building and United States Courthouse in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico, and occasionally sits at other locations within the circuit. With six active judges and four active senior judges, the First Circuit has the fewest judges of any of the thirteen United States courts of appeals. Since retiring from the Unite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alleyne V
Alleyne is an English-language surname. People with the name include: * Aaliyah Alleyne (born 1994), West Indian cricketer * Alleyne baronets * Anthony Alleyne (born 1993), Barbadian cricketer * Archie Alleyne (1933–2015), Canadian jazz musician * Brian Alleyne (born 1943), Dominican judge * Cameron Chesterfield Alleyne (1880-1955), Barbados-born American bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church * Camille Wardrop Alleyne (born 1966), Trinidad-born American aerospace engineer, space scientist, and science ambassador * Damian Alleyne (born 1983), Barbadian swimmer * David Alleyne (born 1976), English cricketer * Ebony Alleyne (born 1983), British singer * George Alleyne (born 1932), Barbadian academic * Hartley Alleyne (born 1957), Barbadian cricketer * Haynes Gibbes Alleyne (1813-1882), Barbadian born, Australian doctor and ichthyologist * Jade Alleyne (born 2001), British actress * Kerry Alleyne (born 1983), Dominican footballer * Mabel Alleyne (1896–1961), Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanderbilt Law Review
The ''Vanderbilt Law Review'' is the flagship academic journal of Vanderbilt University Law School. The law review was founded in 1947 and is published six times per year. In 2018, it was ranked #11 among general-topic law reviews by the Washington and Lee law journal rankings. Articles appearing in the ''Vanderbilt Law Review'' have been cited by the Supreme Court, all thirteen federal circuit courts of appeal, and hundreds of other law reviews and journals. In 2008, the ''Vanderbilt Law Review'' launched ''Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc'', an online companion to the law review. En Banc publishes short symposia ''Symposia'' is a genus of South American araneomorph spiders in the family Cybaeidae, and was first described by Eugène Simon in 1898. Species it contains six species in Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic o ... on Supreme Court cases, responses to articles in the ''Vanderbilt Law Review'', book reviews and comments, and shorter es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
