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South Africa–Switzerland Relations
South African-Swiss relations refers to the current and historical relations between South Africa and Switzerland. South Africa has an embassy in Berne and a general consulate in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Pretoria and a general consulate in Cape Town. Trade Switzerland did not participate in the United Nations-led boycott of apartheid South Africa, though it did observe the arms-embargo. As a result, in 2002 Swiss banks UBS and Credit Suisse faced a $50 billion lawsuit in the United States. Lawyer Ed Fagan led the suit on behalf of the plaintiffs. South African human rights lawyer Dumisa Ntsebeza also coordinated the suit. The Swiss banks firmly denied the charges. The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed. A Swiss-government funded study revealed in 2005 that Swiss company Sulzer AG provided parts used in South African nuclear weapon-related uranium enrichment, providing necessary fissile material during the 1970s. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateralism
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTA) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ed Fagan
Edward Davis (Ed) Fagan (born October 20, 1952) is a former American reparations lawyer who was disbarred for his conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation.Matter of Edward D. Fagan, M-2732, M-3148, M-3193 Supreme Court. Appellate Division. First Judicial Department. Retrieved on October 15, 2009 Fagan lost his license in both New YorkWalder, Noeleen G. (December 12, 2008) "Lawyer Disbarred for Failing to Pay Sanctions, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa–Switzerland Relations
South African-Swiss relations refers to the current and historical relations between South Africa and Switzerland. South Africa has an embassy in Berne and a general consulate in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Pretoria and a general consulate in Cape Town. Trade Switzerland did not participate in the United Nations-led boycott of apartheid South Africa, though it did observe the arms-embargo. As a result, in 2002 Swiss banks UBS and Credit Suisse faced a $50 billion lawsuit in the United States. Lawyer Ed Fagan led the suit on behalf of the plaintiffs. South African human rights lawyer Dumisa Ntsebeza also coordinated the suit. The Swiss banks firmly denied the charges. The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed. A Swiss-government funded study revealed in 2005 that Swiss company Sulzer AG provided parts used in South African nuclear weapon-related uranium enrichment, providing necessary fissile material during the 1970s. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Switzerland
The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland. History Article 54 of the Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the safeguarding of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the principal objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution specifies these foreign policy objectives: *alleviate need and poverty in the world; *promote respect for human rights and democracy; *promote the peaceful coexistence of peoples; *promote preservation of natural resources. These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of South Africa
The foreign relations of South Africa have spanned from the country's time as Dominion of the British Empire to its isolationist policies under Apartheid to its position as a responsible international actor taking a key role in Africa, particularly Southern Africa. South Africa is a member of the United Nations, the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations. Considered a possible permanent addition to the United Nations Security Council, South Africa was elected in 2006 and again in 2010 by the UN General Assembly to serve on the Security Council, which it did until 31 December 2012. Since, South Africa has also been elected as member of the UNSC for the 2019–2020 period. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa was the chair of the African Union from 2020 to 2021, the second time South Africa has chaired the organisation since its formation in 2003. History Pre-Apartheid South Africa, as a key member of the British Empire and Commonwealth as a Dominion, fought alongs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulzer (manufacturer)
Sulzer Ltd. is a Swiss industrial engineering and manufacturing firm, founded by Salomon Sulzer-Bernet in 1775 and established as Sulzer Brothers Ltd. (Gebrüder Sulzer) in 1834 in Winterthur, Switzerland. Today it is a publicly traded company with about 180 manufacturing facilities and service centers around the world. The company's shares are listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange. Sulzer is a global leader in fluid engineering. The company specializes in pumping, agitation, mixing, separation and purification technologies for fluids of all types. Sulzer provides new equipment for large infrastructure across various markets, among others water and wastewater, energy, chemicals, renewables and industrial processes. The service business makes up half of the company's sales. A growing part of the business are renewable applications such as biopolymers, recycling and low-carbon solutions. In its almost 200-year history, the company has gained international recognition with invention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumisa Ntsebeza
Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza (born 31 October 1949) is a South African lawyer, public speaker, author and political activist born in Transkei, now the Umtata, Eastern Cape. Professor Lungisile Ntsebeza is his brother. He is the chairman of the Desmond Tutu, Desmond Tutu Peace Trust and a trustee of the Nelson Mandela Foundation. He was involved in the political struggle against apartheid in the mid-1970s, when he served time in prison during which he completed his law degree. Ntsebeza emerged as a commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa), Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1995. Ntsebeza was appointed chancellor of the University of Fort Hare in January 2017. Career Ntsebeza has been in the practice of the law for over thirty years. He was an attorney for about 17 years. From 1993 he taught the law of evidence and criminal law and from 1995, human rights law at Walter Sisulu University in Mthatha. He gave up teaching when he was appointed as one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Credit Suisse
Credit Suisse Group AG is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world and is one of the nine global " Bulge Bracket" banks providing services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. It is known for strict bank–client confidentiality and banking secrecy. The Financial Stability Board considers it to be a global systemically important bank. Credit Suisse is also primary dealer and Forex counterparty of the Fed. Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland's rail system. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's electrical grid and the European rail system. In the 1900s, it began shifting to retail banking in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks UBS and Julius Bär. Credit Suisse partnered with First Boston in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-White population who were persecuted by the policies of apartheid."The Anti-Apartheid Movement, Britain and South Africa: Anti-Apartheid Protest vs Real Politik" , Arianna Lisson, PhD Dissertation, 15 September 2000. The AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for Southern Africa in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
