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Small Nucleolar RNA U3
In molecular biology, U3 snoRNA is a non-coding RNA found predominantly in the nucleolus. U3 has C/D box motifs that technically make it a member of the box C/D class of snoRNAs; however, unlike other C/D box snoRNAs, it has not been shown to direct 2'-''O''-methylation of other RNAs. Rather, U3 is thought to guide site-specific cleavage of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) during pre-rRNA processing. The box C/D element is a subset of the six short sequence elements found in all U3 snoRNAs, namely boxes A, A', B, C, C', and D. The U3 snoRNA secondary structure is characterized by a small 5' domain (with boxes A and A'), and a larger 3' domain (with boxes B, C, C', and D), the two domains being linked by a single-stranded hinge. Boxes B and C form the B/C motif, which appears to be exclusive to U3 snoRNAs, and boxes C' and D form the C'/D motif. The latter is functionally similar to the C/D motifs found in other snoRNAs. The 5' domain and the hinge region act as a pre-rRNA-binding domain. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SnoRNA
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation. SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes. snoRNA guided modifications After transcription, nascent rRNA molecules (termed pre-rRNA) undergo a series of processing steps to generate the mature rRNA molecule. Prior to cleavage by exo- and endonucleases, the pre-rRNA undergoes a complex pattern of nucleoside modifications. These include methylations and pseudouridylations, guided by snoRNAs. *Methylation is the attachment or substitution of a methyl group onto various substrates. The rRNA of humans contain approximatel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, and language. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Its intelligence and its desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other fields of study. Although some scientists equate the term ''humans'' with all members of the genus ''Homo'', in common usage, it generally refers to ''Homo sapiens'', the only extant member. Anatomically moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UTP14A
U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 14 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP14A'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP15 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-X-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UTP11L
Probable U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP11L'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP14A * UTP15 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UTP6
U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 6 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP6'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP11L * UTP14A * UTP15 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-17-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RRP9
U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RRP9'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A * UTP15 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * External links PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 (RRP9) {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RCL1
RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RCL1'' gene. Copy number variants to the RCL1 gene are associated with a range of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, and a missense variant associated with depression. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A * UTP15 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UTP15'' gene. See also * Fibrillarin * Small nucleolar RNA U3 * RCL1 * RRP9 * UTP6 * UTP11L * UTP14A U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated prote ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * External links * * {{gene-9-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fibrillarin
rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''FBL'' gene. Function This gene product is a component of a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle thought to participate in the first step in processing pre-ribosomal (r)RNA. It is associated with the U3, U8, and U13 small nucleolar RNAs and is located in the dense fibrillar component (DFC) of the nucleolus. The encoded protein contains an N-terminal repetitive domain that is rich in glycine and arginine residues, like fibrillarins in other species. Its central region resembles an RNA-binding domain and contains an RNP consensus sequence. Antisera from approximately 8% of humans with the autoimmune disease scleroderma recognize fibrillarin. Fibrillarin is a component of several ribonucleoproteins including a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (SnRNP) and one of the two classes of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs). SnRNAs function in RNA splicing whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants
Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyte, Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyte, Embryophyta (land plants). The latter includes the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns and Fern ally, their allies, hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. Most plants are multicellular organisms. Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metazoa
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' () (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungus microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes. It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular biology, molecular and cell biology, much like ''Escherichia coli'' as the model bacteria, bacterium. It is the microorganism behind the most common type of fermentation (biochemistry), fermentation. ''S. cerevisiae'' cells are round to ovoid, 5–10 micrometre, μm in diameter. It reproduces by budding. Many proteins important in human biology were first discovered by studying their Homology (biology), homologs in yeast; these proteins include cell cycle proteins, signaling proteins, and protein-processing enzymes. ''S. cerevisiae'' is currently the only yeast cell known to have Berkeley body, Berkeley bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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