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Six Ministries Of The Nguyễn Dynasty
The Six Ministries ( vi, Sáu bộ, chữ Nôm: ; Sino-Vietnamese: , chữ Hán: ), or the Six Boards, were the major executive parts of the government of the Nguyễn period Vietnamese state from its establishment under the Gia Long Emperor in 1802 until 1906, with the establishment of the Học Bộ ( chữ Hán: 學部) in 1907. These six core ministries would exist largely unchanged until the 1933 reforms of the Southern Court by the Bảo Đại Emperor. History The Six Boards included: # Administration (, 部吏) # Finance (, 部戸) # Laws (, 部刑) # Military Affairs (, 部兵) # Public works (, 部工) # Rites (, 部禮) The Six Boards were established in 1802 after Gia Long's coronation, however they were not fully operational until 1830. Each board had a president (, ), supported by two vice-presidents (, ). In 1826 emperor Minh Mạng added two vice-minister into each board (, ). By the mid-1840s, the six ministries comprised almost 100 people, included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seals Of The Six Ministries Of The Nguyễn Dynasty - Ngày 7 Tháng 8 Năm Minh Mệnh 10 (1829)
Seals may refer to: * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impress an emblem, used as a means of authentication, on paper, wax, clay or another medium (the impression is also called a seal) * Seal (mechanical), a device which helps prevent leakage, contain pressure, or exclude contamination where two systems join In military: * United States Navy SEALs, the U.S. Navy's principal special operations force * Royal Thai Navy SEALs, part of the Royal Thai Navy In sport: * Florida Seals, a minor league ice hockey team from 2002 and 2007 * California Golden Seals, originally ''California Seals'', a former NHL ice hockey team * San Francisco Seals (baseball), a minor league baseball team in the Pacific Coast League from 1903 until 1957 * San Francisco Seals (ice hockey), a minor league hockey team in the Western Hockey League from 1961 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Work
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, schools, and hospitals), transport infrastructure (roads, railroads, bridges, pipelines, canals, ports, and airports), public spaces (public squares, parks, and beaches), public services (water supply and treatment, sewage treatment, electrical grid, and dams), and other, usually long-term, physical assets and facilities. Though often interchangeable with public infrastructure and public capital, public works does not necessarily carry an economic component, thereby being a broader term. Public works has been encouraged since antiquity. For example, the Roman emperor Nero encouraged the construction of various infrastructure projects during widespread deflation. Overview Public works is a multi-dimensional concept in economics and polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Six Ministries Of Joseon
The Six Ministries of Joseon were the major executive bodies of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. They included ministries of Personnel (''Ijo''), Taxation (''Hojo''), Rites (''Yejo''), Military Affairs (''Byeongjo''), Punishments (''Hyeongjo''), and Public works (''Gongjo''). History It was established in 1298. The ministries system of Joseon was similar in outline to that of the preceding Goryeo dynasty, but in practice, it had a big difference. While Goryeo had a ministrative policy where the King had the central power, in Joseon, the scholars and bureaucrats had greater control. The ministries were much more powerful under Joseon, and their importance grew as the dynasty wore on. In December 1895, after the First Sino-Japanese War and as a part of the Gabo Reform, a cabinet of seven ministries was modeled after the Japanese one, which had been established only ten years earlier. Composition See also * Joseon Dynasty politics * History of Korea * Six Ministries of the Nguyễn d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Academy, Huế
The Imperial Academy ( vi, Quốc Tử Giám, vi-hantu, 國子監) was the national academy during the Nguyễn dynasty. It was located inside the Imperial City of Huế. History After the unification of Vietnam, Emperor Gia Long decided to move the capital from Hanoi to Huế. Following this decision, in 1803, a new Confucian academy was built in order to replace the Lê dynasty's Quốc Tử giám.Phan Thuan An, p. 150 The first academy, called Đốc Học đường, was a small block of buildings located at An Ninh Thượng village, Hương Trà district, some 5 kilometres east of Huế. It stood next to a Văn miếu (Confucian academy). By March 1820, emperor Minh Mạng changed the academy name into Quốc Tử Giám (Imperial Academy) and had the buildings rebuilt. He also expanded the academy by building the Di Luân Palace which consisted of one teaching hall, two teaching rooms and 19 classrooms.Phan Thuan An, p. 150-151 Under the reign of emperor Tự Đức, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin (bureaucrat)
A mandarin () was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam. The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system; it sometimes includes the eunuchs also involved in the governance of the above realms. History and use of the term The English term comes from the Portuguese ''mandarim'' (spelled in Old Portuguese as ''mandarin,'' ). The Portuguese word was used in one of the earliest Portuguese reports about China: letters from the imprisoned survivors of the Tomé Pires' embassy, which were most likely written in 1524, and in Castanheda's ''História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses'' (c. 1559). Matteo Ricci, who entered mainland China from Portuguese Macau in 1583, also said the Portuguese used the word. The Portuguese word was thought by many to be related to ''mandador'' ("one who commands") and ''mandar'' ("to command"), from Latin ''mandare''. Modern dictionaries, however, agree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viện Cơ Mật
The Viện cơ mật or "Secret Institute" (chữ Nôm: 院機密; chữ Hán: 機密院), established in 1834, was the Privy Council and key mandarin agency of the royal court of Vietnam's final Nguyễn dynasty at Huế, until the end of the dynasty in 1945. History The Minh Mạng Emperor established the Viện cơ mật (Privy Council) along with the ''Nội các Viên'' (Cabinet, Grand Secretariat) as the main agencies of the court's administration. The Privy Council, or Secret Institute, comprised four of the most senior mandarins.The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and ... - Page 757 Spencer C. Tucker - 2011 "At the capital of Hue, Minh Mang established the Noi Cac Vien (Grand Secretariat) and the Co Mat Vien (Privy Council). The rest of the bureaucracy was also re- organized with the creation of a nine-rank mandarin corps. It was also under Minh Minh Mạng based the relationship of the ''Nội các'' and the ''Cơ mật viện'' on the relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Xuân Dục
Cao Xuân Dục ( vi-hantu, 高春育; 1843–1923) was a scholar, historian-mandarin, and court adviser in the Nguyễn dynasty, Vietnam. History Cao Xuân Dục was born in Thịnh Mỹ, Diễn Châu, Nghệ An. In 1876, he entered Vietnamese Imperial examination and was awarded the degree of provincial graduate (舉人 - cử nhân), in the same class with the famous anti-French patriot Phan Đình Phùng from Hà Tĩnh. He served under the Nguyễn Emperors Đồng Khánh and Thành Thái and held several important government posts including Governor-General of Hưng Yên (1889) and minister of education (1907). He was one of the four top advisers to the Emperor during the Vietnam-France conflict in the early 20th century. When Trương Như Cương, a pro-French collaborator, coerced his colleagues to sign a petition to Thành Thái to promote him to viceroy, Dục refused to sign. Instead he wrote a quick poem on the petition. He was later vilified by Cương's gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Education (Nguyễn Dynasty)
During the Nguyễn dynasty period (1802–1945) of Vietnamese history its Ministry of Education was reformed a number of times, in its first iteration it was called the Học Bộ ( Hán tự: 學部), which was established during the reign of the Duy Tân Emperor (1907–1916) and took over a number of functions of the '' Lễ Bộ'', one of the '' Lục Bộ''. The Governor-General of French Indochina wished to introduce more education reforms, the Nguyễn court in Huế sent Cao Xuân Dục and Huỳnh Côn, the ''Thượng thư'' of the ''Hộ Bộ'', to French Cochinchina to discuss these reforms with the French authorities. After their return the ''Học Bộ'' was established in the year Duy Tân 1 (1907) with Cao Xuân Dục being appointed to be its first ''Thượng thư'' (minister). Despite nominally being a Nguyễn dynasty institution, actual control over the ministry fell in the hands of the French ''Council for the Improvement of Indigenous Education in Annam' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duy Tân
Emperor Duy Tân (, vi-hantu, 維新, lit. "renovation"; 19 September 1900 – 26 December 1945), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San, was the 11th emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam, who reigned for nine years between 1907 and 1916. Early childhood Duy Tân (at the time, known by his birth name, Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San) was son of the Thành Thái emperor. Because of his opposition to French rule and his erratic, depraved actions (which some speculate were feigned to shield his opposition from the French) Thành Thái was declared insane and exiled to Vũng Tàu in 1907. The French decided to pass the throne to his son Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San, despite the fact that he was only seven years old. The French hoped that someone so young would be easily influenced and controlled, and thus raised to be pro-French. File:Young prince.jpg, Young prince Vinh San (right) Reign, 1906–1916 The efforts on the part of the French to raise the prince to support them largely faile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minh Mạng
Minh Mạng () or Minh Mệnh (, vi-hantu, 明 命, lit. "the bright favour of Heaven"; 25 May 1791 – 20 January 1841; born Nguyễn Phúc Đảm, also known as Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu) was the second emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until his death, on 20 January 1841. He was the fourth son of Emperor Gia Long, whose eldest son, Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, had died in 1801. He was well known for his opposition to French involvement in Vietnam and his rigid Confucian orthodoxy. Early years Born Nguyễn Phúc Đảm at Gia Định in the middle of the Second Tây Sơn – Nguyễn War, Minh Mạng was the fourth son of lord Nguyễn Phúc Ánh – future Emperor Gia Long. His mother was Gia Long's second wife Trần Thị Đang (historically known as Empress Thuận Thiên). At the age of three, under the effect of a written agreement made by Gia Long with his first wife Tống Thị Lan (Empress Thừa Thiên), he was taken in an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li (Confucianism)
''Li'' () is a classical Chinese word which is commonly used in Chinese philosophy, particularly within Confucianism. ''Li'' does not encompass a definitive object but rather a somewhat abstract idea and, as such, is translated in a number of different ways. Wing-tsit Chan explains that ''li'' originally meant "a religious sacrifice, but has come to mean ceremony, ritual, decorum, rules of propriety, good form, good custom, etc., and has even been equated with natural law." In Chinese cosmology, human agency participates in the ordering of the universe by ''Li'' ('rites'). There are several Chinese definitions of a rite. One of the most common definitions is that it transforms the invisible to visible; through the performance of rites at appropriate occasions, humans make visible the underlying order. Performing the correct ritual focuses, links, orders, and moves the social, which is the human realm, in correspondence with the terrestrial and celestial realms to keep all three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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