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Six-port Reflectometer
Six-port reflectometers are a type of electrical network analyzer that are displacing heterodyne network analyzers as the benchmark approach for microwave measurement of material and circuit properties. The complexity, sophistication, size, and cost of heterodyne systems limit them to laboratory environments, but manufacturers have developed compact systems for industrial applications. Six-port reflectometers have gained popularity in academic and standardization research labs since their introduction by G. F. Engen in the 1960s, largely due to their simplicity. Six-port reflectometers are limited by their complex calibration techniques, but increasing processing power is addressing the computational intensity of this task. Operating principle Regardless of the six-port receiver configuration—whether in detection or wireless communication—the fundamental principle remains the same. After processing two RF signals, the outputs are converted into baseband. The six-port structu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Analyzer (electrical)
A network analyzer is an instrument that measures the Two-port network, network parameters of electrical networks. Today, network analyzers commonly measure scattering parameters, s–parameters because Signal reflection, reflection and Transmission line, transmission of electrical networks are easy to measure at high frequencies, but there are other network parameter sets such as y-parameters, z-parameters, and Two-port network#Hybrid parameters (h-parameters), h-parameters. Network analyzers are often used to characterize two-port networks such as amplifiers and filters, but they can be used on networks with an arbitrary number of Port (circuit theory), ports. Overview Network analyzers are used mostly at high frequency, frequencies; operating frequencies can range from 1 Hz to 1.5 THz. Special types of network analyzers can also cover lower frequency ranges down to 1 Hz. These network analyzers can be used, for example, for the stability analysis of open loo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
