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Siege Of Baler
The siege of Baler (; ) was a battle of the Philippine Revolution. Filipino revolutionaries laid siege to a fortified church defended by Spanish troops in the town of Baler, Aurora, for 337 days, from 1 July 1898 until 2 June 1899. The Spanish–American War had ended with the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris on 10 December 1898, with Spain's surrender and cession of claims over the Philippines to the United States. Cut off from communications with their own government and military, the Spanish forces in Baler continued their defense against the Filipino forces until 1899. Background Baler, Aurora, Baler is located on the eastern coast of Luzon, about from Manila. The Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule started in 1896. In September 1897, the Spanish garrisoned Baler with 50 Civil Guard (Philippines), Civil Guard soldiers under Lieutenant José Mota, to prevent Emilio Aguinaldo from receiving smuggled arms. Mota's forces were attacked on the night of 4 Oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), colonial rule of Spain in the archipelago. The Captaincy General of the Philippines, Philippines was one of the last major colonies of the Spanish Empire, which had already suffered Spanish American wars of independence, a massive decline in the 1820s. Cuban War of Independence, Cuba rebelled in 1895, and in 1898, the United States Spanish–American War, intervened and the Spanish soon capitulated. In June, Philippine revolutionaries Philippine Declaration of Independence, declared independence. However, it was not recognized by Spain, which sold the islands to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiamine Deficiency
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhala language, Sinhalese phrase (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition. The two main types in adults are wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system, resulting in a tachycardia, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and pedal edema, leg swelling. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, resulting in peripheral neuropathy, numbness of the hands and feet, confusion, trouble moving the legs, and pain. A form with loss of appetite and constipation may also occur. Another type, acute beriberi, found mostly in babies, presents with loss of appetite, vomiting, lactic acidosis, changes in heart rate, and enlargement of the heart. Risk factors include a diet of mostly white rice, alcoholism, Kidney dialys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona
Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,Barcelona: Población por municipios y sexo – Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the province of Barcelona and is home to around 5.3 million people, making it the fifth most populous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelagius Of Asturias
Pelagius (; – 737) was a nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias in 718.; ; ; Pelagius is credited with initiating the ''Reconquista'', the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, and establishing the Asturian monarchy, making him the forefather of all the future Iberian monarchies, including the Kings of Castile, the Kings of León, and the Kings of Portugal. Early life Pelagius was born around 685, although the exact details of his early life remain largely unknown. Traditionally, Pelagius was depicted as of Visigothic origin. Recent scholarship increasingly supports that Pelagius was a nobleman of Hispano-Roman descent, linked to the local Asturian elite. Historical texts emphasize Pelayo's connection to the local Asturian society. He is believed to be the son of Favila. The '' Chronica Albeldense'', elaborated three centuries after his death, says that Favila was a ''dux'' of Gallaecia, who was killed by Wittiza. The ''Chronicle of Alfonso II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Cid
Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( – 10 July 1099) was a Castilian knight and ruler in medieval Spain. Fighting both with Christian and Muslim armies during his lifetime, he earned the Arabic honorific ("the Lord" or "the Master"), which would evolve into El Çid (, ), and the Spanish honorific El Campeador ("the Champion"). He was born in Vivar del Cid, Vivar, a village near the city of Burgos. As the head of his loyal knights, he came to dominate the Levante, Spain, Levante of the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 11th century. He reclaimed the Taifa of Valencia from Moorish control for a brief period during the ''Reconquista'', ruling the Lordship of Valencia, Principality of Valencia from 17 June 1094 until his death in 1099. His wife, Jimena Díaz, inherited the city and maintained it until 1102 when it was reconquered by the Moors. Díaz de Vivar became well known for his service in the armies of both Christian and Muslim rulers. After his death, El Cid became Spain's most cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Philippine Republic
The Philippine Republic (), now officially remembered as the First Philippine Republic and also referred to by historians as the Malolos Republic, was a state established in Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1898) and the Spanish–American War between Spain and the United States (1898) through the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899), Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. It was formally established with Emilio Aguinaldo as president. (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara) It was unrecognized outside of the Philippines but remained active until April 19, 1901. Following the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and proclaimed successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Declaration Of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence (; ) was proclaimed by Filipino revolutionary forces general Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898, in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. It asserted the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine islands from the 300 years of colonial rule from Spain. History In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began. In December 1897, the Spanish government and the revolutionaries signed a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, requiring that the Spanish pay the revolutionaries $ MXN800,000 and that Aguinaldo and other leaders go into exile in Hong Kong. In April 1898, shortly after the beginning of the Spanish–American War, Commodore George Dewey, aboard the USS ''Olympia'', sailed into Manila Bay, leading the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy. On May 1, 1898, the United States defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay. Emilio Aguinaldo decided to return to the Philippines to help American forces defeat th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereignty Of Philippines
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme legitimate authority over some polity. In international law, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a state. ''De jure'' sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; '' de facto'' sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization. Etymology The term arises from the unattested Vulgar Latin *''superanus'' (itself a derived form of Latin ''super'' – "over") meaning "chief", "ruler". Its spelling, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Yorktown (PG-1)
USS ''Yorktown'' was lead ship of her class of steel-hulled, twin-screw gunboats in the United States Navy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the second U.S. Navy ship named in honor of the American Revolutionary War's Battle of Yorktown. ''Yorktown'' was laid down by William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia in May 1887 and launched in April 1888. She was just over long and abeam, and displaced . She was equipped with two steam engines which were supplemented with three schooner-rigged masts. The ship's main battery consisted of six guns and was augmented by an assortment of smaller-caliber guns. At launch, ''Yorktown'' joined the Squadron of Evolution of "New Navy" steel-hulled ships. Detached from that squadron, ''Yorktown'', under the command of Robley D. Evans, sailed to Valparaíso, Chile, during the 1891 ''Baltimore'' Crisis and relieved at that port. After that situation was resolved, ''Yorktown'' took part in the joint British–American sealin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Stillman Sperry
Rear Admiral Charles Stillman Sperry (September 3, 1847February 1, 1911) was an officer in the United States Navy. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Sperry graduated from the Naval Academy in 1866. In November 1898, he became commanding officer of and later served as senior officer of the Southern Squadron on the Asiatic Station and as President of the Naval War College. As a rear admiral, he served in the United States delegation to the Geneva Convention and the Second Hague Conference, and as Commander in Chief, Battle Fleet, he led the Great White Fleet during the major portion of its historic cruise around the world in 1908 and 1909. Sperry retired September 3, 1909, but subsequently was recalled to active duty for special service. He died February 1, 1911, in Washington, D.C. The destroyer was named for him. References * Further reading * Siege of Baler The siege of Baler (; ) was a battle of the Philippine Revolution. Filipino revolutionaries laid siege to a forti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel Simón Ocampo Tecson1
Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military. In some smaller military forces, such as those of Monaco or the Vatican, colonel is the highest rank. Equivalent naval ranks may be called captain or ship-of-the-line captain. In the Commonwealth's air force ranking system, the equivalent rank is group captain. History and origins By the end of the late medieval period, a group of "companies" was referred to as a "column" of an army. According to Raymond Oliver, , the Spanish began explicitly reorganizing part of their army into 20 ''colunelas'' or columns of approximately 1,000–1,250 soldiers. Each ''colunela'' was comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
